| |
FN@J DJ(@O
Կիլիկիոյ Կաթողիկոսութեան Արտօնութեամբ
եւ Թարգմանուած Արեւելեան եւ Արեւմտեան Հայերէներու:
FDJ:KGVJHF(YUH GHDPYUPJUHO
¡
Glg]ugrji Fdj;kyr dgvy8 Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh ghyuhhf9o> ju9g2ghcju9o j9 ohkghj2ys &giyej lfk dhgv><
™ %yue=h, $tguyh, *fuj yu &yuxg,
£ Jrg2g9, Bgeyu8yh fu Efhjgtjh,
¢ Xgh yu Hfwpg8jt, Dgx fu Grf9/
∞ &giyej f9gh2=h fng0 eyny9 gh6f9o f1pghgryuh gh6 =jh> &ysr=w gn Fdj;kyr =9/
§ &ysr=w, ghy9 eyny9 f8eg79hf9o fu g7x gtey8a rf9yuhxo tf5gh/
¶ Jri Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o gqfvgh yu
g4gkvgh, egbtgvgh, cgwgbghv lb19gvgh, fu
g7x f9ij9o ghyhvtys nfvyufvgu/
• Fdj;kyrj s9g7 hy9 pgdguy9 to fngu, y9 &ysr=wo c=9 qghchg9/
ª Gh j9 zy8ysyu9xjh orgu>
≥Glg] Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh zy8ysyu9xo tfbt= egbtgpju yu lb19 =/
¡º Fi=]2 jtgrkyuh onngh2 ghyhv lghx=;m y9 cegbtghgh, yu f9e ;gkf9gbt ;gkgljm ghyh2 gn
etf9 yry3hf9yuhmm tjghgnys tfbj x=t c;gkf9gbtjh fu g7r f9i9=h ceg969ghgh÷/
¡¡ Lfkfugeg9 dy90gsg9hf9 x9jh ghyhv s9g7, y9;=rbj kg5g;fvhfh bghyh2 e5hj g43gkgh2hf9ys> fu Wg9guyhj ig5yuvghfvjh 4kftg9ghj 2g8g2hf9m Wjpyth yu %gtr=ro/
¡™ Rgig7h y]9cgw io kg5g;fvh=jh bghyh2, g]7hcgw gufnj io egbtghg7jh yu i'gq=jh> fu ghyh2 Jr9g7=nj
dy9xjhf9=h
xglgefifvgh/
¡£ Yurkj Fdj;kgvjhf9o e9kyupfgte 0g5g7fvyuvjh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o>
¡¢ ghyhv ifgh2o kgzghfnj rk9iyupfgtem
figuys, g8jurhf9ys yu xg4kj gt=h kfrgi 0g5g7yupfgte io xg5hgvh=jh/ Jhc 0g5g7yupjuh y9 ghyhv ohfn kg7jhm e9kyupfgte =9/
¡∞ Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9o 31rfvgu Fe9g7fvjhf9yu tghigeg96hf9yuh, y9yhvt= t=iyuh ghyuho Rfw9g =9, yu tjurjh ghyuhom Wyug,
¡§ fu orgu>
≥Fe9g7fvj ijhf9yuh 0hhxgef9yupfgh gkfh hg7fv=]2
bghyhvm f9e
hrkg9ghhf9yuh s9g7
fhmm> fp=
=k8g7 =m tf5vyuv=]2 bg7h, jri fp= g8aji =m py8 y8a thg7÷/
¡¶ Eg7v tghigeg96hf9o Grkyu0t= sg3vgh, yu co9jh
g7h;=rm jhc;=r Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9o j9fhv orf9 =9> lg;g k8ghf9o y8a ;glfvjh/
¡• Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9o tghigeg96hf9o ighcfv fu ghyhv orgu>
≥Jhcy.u g7r egho o9j2 yu k8ghf9o y8a ;glfvj2÷/
¡ª Tghigeg96hf9h gn orjh Wg9guyhj>
≥Y9yslfkfu fe9g7fvj ijhf9o Fdj;kyrj ijhf9yuh ;=r cfh> g9xg9fu g5y7d fh,
fu tghigeg96o xf5 ghyhv clgrg0m io 0hghjh÷/
™º Lfkfugeg9 Grkyug0 tghigeg96hf9yuh eg9j2 o9gu, yu zy8ysyu9xo egbtgvgu fu cgwgbghv lb19gvgu/
™¡
@ghj y9 tghigeg96hf9o Grkyu0t= sg3vgh, gh gn ghyhv kyuhf9 4jhfv/
™™ Yurkj Wg9guyh j9 gtey8a zy8ysyu9xjh ;gkyuj9fv>
≥Gt=h 0hg0 k8g7
odf]ko hfkfv=2, jri
g
Fe9>m s3kgvjh
e
Fe9>m tfb gky8hf9yuh
d
Fe9>m y9xjhf9yuh f9fr=h
Igtm bbyufvgh
f
Igtm 4g8g3ys
b
Igtm hy9g0jhjh rf5jh
=
Fe9>m y9xj
o
Igtm Hf8yrj] t=a
gt=h g8aji y]8a ;glfv=2÷/
TYSR+RJ )HYUHXO
™
*fujj kyuh=h t=io dhgv yu *fujj
t=i g8ajio
ijh g5gu/
™ Ijho 78gvgu yu y9xj to 0hgu, fu ghy9 sg7fncgdf8 onngno kfrhfnysm f9f2 gtjr ;glfv bg7h/
£ F9e g]n c=9 i9hg9 ;glfn bg7h, ;9kyu= kg;ghgi to g5gu ghy9 lgtg9, iyu;9ys yu 6jupys 0fwfv,
gtghyuio t=ao x9gu, yu dfkjh fbf92o f8y8 4gtejh t=a 6dfv>
¢ jri ghy9 2y79o lf5yu ig7hfvgu, y9;=rbj djkhg7 p= j]hc ;jkj
e;gkglj ghy9/
∞ Wg9guyhj g8ajio dfko jagu nyugvyufnyu, fu ghy9 r;gryuljhf9o dfkjh fbf92o io ;kok=jh/ F9e 4gtejh t=akf8o kfrgu kg;ghgio, j9 g8g3jho 89ifv y9 bg7h ef9=/
§ F9e egvgum tghyuio kfrgu> fu glg] k8fio iyu ng9/ Yurkj ghy9 s9g7 g9dglgkfvgu yu orgu>
≥Grjig Fe9g7fvjhf9yu bgugihf9=h =÷/
¶ Yurkj ghy9 2y79o Wg9guyhj g8ajijh orgu>
≥F9pgt yu Fe9g7fvjhf9=h rhyuvjc ijh to ighcf.t 2fbj, y9 tghyuio xjfvh= 2fbj lgtg9÷/
•
Wg9guyhj g8ajio j9fh orgu>
≥Dhg]÷/ !9jy9xh gn dhgv yu tghyuijh tg79o ighcfv/
ª
Wg9guyhj g8ajio ghy9 orgu>
≥G]5 g7r tghyuio, xjfvy]u9 jh0j lgtg9, yu fr 2yu sg962x iyu kgt÷/ Ijhh gn g5gu tghyuio yu xjfvyuv bg7h/
¡º F9e tghyuio tf0vgu, Wg9guyhj g8ajijh ef9gu bg7h, fu ghy9 y9xjh f8gu> ghy9 ghyuho
dTysr=r iycfvm orfnys>
≥@ghj y9 ayu9=h lghfvj bg7h÷/
TYSR+R IO WG#CJ TGXJGT
¡¡ G7h 19f9om f9e Tysr=r tf0vgu, xyu9r fngum j9 f8eg79hf9yuh 2ys, fu hg7fvgu ghyhv e5hj g43gkgh2hf9yuh/ Kfrgu Fdj;kgvj to, y9 j9 fe9g7fvj f8eg79hf9=h t=io io 0f0=9/
¡™ F9e lyr-lyh hg7fnys kfrgu p= y]c t=io ig7,
xtf5vyuv Fdj;kgvjh yu gugbjh t=a pg8fv bg7h/
¡£ Lfkfufgn 19h gn xyu9r fngu, fu glg] f9iyu fe9g7fvj tg9xji io i5yu=jh j9g9yu lfk/ Orgu ghy9m y9 j9guyuh2 cyuh=9>
≥Jhcy.u ohif9x io 0f0fr÷/
¡¢ Gh gn orgu>
≥Y.s 2fb tf9 s9g7 j43ghguy9 yu xgkguy9 h4ghgifv> bj.r
gn
fio tkg0frmm tf5vhfn, jhc;=r Fdj;kgvjh tf5vyuvj9÷/ Tysr=r sg3vgu fu orgu>
≥Ghkg9giy7r g7r egho djkvyug0 =÷/
¡∞ F9e Wg9guyh nrfv g7r eghom
byubfv Tysr=ro tf5vhfn, eg7v Tysr=r Wg9guyhj
=g5afu=h wg3gu> Tgxjgtj f9i9jh t=a ehgifvgu yu ly9j to 2ys hrkgu/
¡§ Tgxjgtj 2yu9to f1po g8aji yuh=9> ghyh2 figh, ayu9 2g4fvjh fu gugbghhf9o nfvyuvjhm j9fhv
g
Fe9>m bgugio
e
Fe9>m onng7
d
G7rjh2hm ayu9=h lghyug0
Fe9>m bg9igu
f
Fe9>m i'orfr
b
Fe9>m whk5fv
=
Fe9>m f9fr=h l19 yc3g9hf9yuh 3tvhfnyu lgtg9/
¡¶ Lysjuhf9o figh yu bghyh2 s5hkfvjh> Tysr=r gn ighdhfvgu,
oghyhv 1dhyupfgh lgrgumm fu ghyhv yc3g9hf9yuh ayu9 3tvyuv/
¡• F9e ghyh2 j9fhv l19m %gdyu=nj figh, gh orgu>
≥J.hc ;gkqg5ys g7r19 4yuk fig2÷/
¡ª
Ghyh2 gn orjh>
≥Fdj;kgvj to tfb lysjuhf9yuh 6f52=h gbgkfv, yu tfbj gn 4gk
ayu9
2g4fv fu yc3g9hf9yuh 3tvyuv÷/
™º Jri jh2 j9 g8ajihf9yuh orgu>
≥Y.u9 = gh> jhcy.u g7x tg9xo
lyh py8yuvj2/ Ighcfv=]2 bg7h, y9;=rbj lgv yuk=÷/
™¡ Tysr=r lgughfvgu
g7x tg9xyuh lfk ehgijn> gh gn j9 g8ajiom Rf;wy9gh Tysr=rj kyugu
je9 ijh/
™™
Ijho y9xj to 0hgu, fu jh2 ghy9 ghyuho
pDf9rgt iycfv> 2ghj y9 orgu>
≥:ghxyu3k
f8g7 1kg9 f9i9j t=a÷/
™£ F9ig9 zgtghgi= fk2m Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9o tf5gu/ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o rk9iyupfgh ;gkqg5ys lg5gcfvjh fu g8g8gifvjh, yu ghyhv g8g8gio Grkyu0y7 eg969gvgum rk9iyupfgh ;gkqg5ys/
™¢ Grkyug0 ghyhv lf0f0gh2o nrfv, fu Grkyug0 7j4fv j9 yu3kom y9 Ge9glgtj, Jrglgij yu &giyej lfk
ih2f9 =9/
™∞ Grkyug0 hg7fvgu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh, fu Grkyug0 djkvgu
ghyhv sjqgio/
GRKYUG) IO IGHC+ TYSR+RO
£
Tysr=r Tgxjgtj 2yu9tjhm j9 &ypy9 ghf9ya yc3g9hf9o i'g9g0=9, yu yc3g9hf9o ghg;gkjh fkfuo kghfnys lgrgu Grkyu0y7 nf5om @y9fe/
™
gK=9ya l9f4kgio i9gij eyvys f9fuvgu ghy9m ty9fhjj to t=a=h> gh hg7fvgu, fu glg] ty9fhjh i9giys io sg5=9, eg7v ty9fhjh c=9 r;g5f9/
£ Tysr=r orgu>
≥G7zt 4f8jt yu g7r tf0 f9fuy7po kfrhftm p= jhcy]u ty9fhjh c'g79j9÷/
¢ F9e K=9o kfrgu p= gh kfrhfnyu lgtg9 4f8fvgu, Grkyug0 ty9fhjjh t=a=h ighcfv bjh2m orfnys>
≥Tysr=]r, Tysr=]r÷/ Gh gn orgu>
≥Glg] lyr ft÷/
∞
Grkyug0 orgu>
≥Lyr tj] t1kfhg9> i14jihf9x lgh=] 2yu yk2f9=x, y9yslfkfu g7h kf8om yu9 ig7hg0 frm ryu9e
ef9ij9 =÷/
§ Hgfu
ghy9 orgu>
≥F]r ft 2yu l19x Grkyug0o, Ge9glgtj Grkyug0o, Jrglgij Grkyug0o fu &giyej Grkyug0o÷/ Tysr=r j9 f9fro 0g0ifv, y9yslfkfu Grkyu0y7 hg7fnyu sg3vgu/
¶ K=9o orgu>
≥G9xg9fu kfrg7 Fdj;kyrj t=a f8y8 zy8ysyu9xjr kg5g;gh2o, fu nrfvj
ddy90gsg9hf9yuh ;gkqg5ysmm ghyhv
eg969gvyuvg0 g8g8gio> y9yslfkfu ghyhv iykkgh2o djkft/
• Yurkj jag7m bghyh2 gbgkfnyu Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh 6f52=h, yu bghyh2 eg969gvhfnyu g7x f9i9=h x=;j ngu fu ohxg96gi f9ij9 to, igp yu tf89 lyrfvhy8 f9ij9 to, @ghghgvjhf9yuh, @fkgvjhf9yuh, Gty9lgvjhf9yuh, Wf9fbgvjhf9yuh, #fugvjhf9yuh yu &feyurgvjhf9yuh kf8o/
ª Glg] ljtg jh0j lgrgu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh g8g8gio, yu kfrg7 hgfu g7h kghagh2om y9ys Fdj;kgvjhf9o bghyh2 io cg9cg9fh/
¡º Yurkj fiy]u9 ljtg, 2fb Wg9guyhj 89ift, y9 jt zy8ysyu9xrm Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9om Fdj;kyr=h lghfr÷/
¡¡ Tysr=r Grkyu0y7 orgu>
≥Fr y.s ftm y9 Wg9guyhj f9pgt, yu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o Fdj;kyr=h lghft÷/
¡™
Grkyug0 orgu>
o
Fe9>m bghyh2 gbgkfv
p
G7rjh2hm lyh ;ghx3kgvg0
g
Fe9>m Flysg7j
e
Fe9>m dfkjh
d
Fe9>m qh4jchf9yuh f9fr=h
≥Gh4y]u4k fr 2fbj lfk ;jkj onngt> fu rg]
;jkj onng7 2fbj h4ghom p= f]r 89ig0 ft 2fb> f9e zy8ysyu9xo Fdj;kyr=h lghfr, g]7r nf9gh s9g7 ;jkj ;g4k=2 Grkyug0÷/
¡£ Tysr=r Grkyu0y7 orgu>
≥Glg], f9e f9pgt Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh fu orft ghyhv> œ^f9 lg79f9yuh Grkyug]0o bjr 6fbj 89ifv�, yu
f9e orfh jh0j> œJ.hc = ghy9 ghyuho�, j.hc orft ghyhv÷/
¡¢ Grkyug0 Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Fr ft g]hm y9 =÷/ Fu orgu>
≥Rg] or= Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh> œBjr
≥Fr ft÷o 89ifv 6fbj�÷/
¡∞ Xg96fgn Grkyug0 Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Rg] or= Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh> œ^f9 lg79f9yuh Grkyug0om Flysgh, Ge9glgtj Grkyug0o, Jrglgij Grkyug0o yu &giyej Grkyug0o, bjr 6fbj 89ifv�> g]7r = jt ghyuhr 7gujkfgh, fu g]7r = jt 7j4gkgir rf9yuhx= rf9yuhx/
¡§ Dhg], lgug2=] Jr9g7=nj f9=vhf9o yu or=] ghyhv> œ^f9 lg79f9yuh Grkyug0om Flysgh, Ge9glgtj, Jrglgij yu &giyej Grkyug0o, f9fuvgu jh0jm orfnys> MG9xg9fu g7vfnfvj 6fbj,
kfrg7 jhc y9 6fbj i'ohfh Fdj;kyrj t=a,
¡¶ fu orj p= 6fb Fdj;kyrj kg5g;gh2=h ;jkj eg969gvhft x=;j @ghghgvjhf9yuh, @fkgvjhf9yuh, Gty9lgvjhf9yuh, Wf9fbgvjhf9yuh, #fugvjhf9yuh fu &feyurgvjhf9yuh f9ij9o, igp yu tf89 lyrfvhy8 f9ij9oM�/
¡• Ghyh2 2yu 31r2x tkji ;jkj ohfh, fu xyuh yu Jr9g7=nj f9=vhf9om Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9jh ;jkj tkh=2 fu or=2 ghy9> œFe9g7fvjhf9yuh Grkyug0om Flysgh tfbj lghxj;fvgu> yu ljtg i'g8f9rf]h2 y9 f9f2 19yugh qgteg7 f9pgh2 x=;j ghg;gko, y9;=rbj tf9 Grkyu0y7hm Flysg7j bylfh2�/
¡ª Fr djkft p= Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9o ;jkj cpy7ngk9= 6fbjm y9 f9pg2,
xy]c gnmm yuzf8 6f52ys/
™º Fr 6f52r ;jkj f9ig9ft yu ;jkj bg9hft Fdj;kyro jt eyny9 r2ghcfnj2hf9ysrm y9 ghy9 t=a ;jkj ohft> fu ghi= fk2 6fb ;jkj g96gi=/
™¡ G7r zy8ysyu9xjh 4hy9l2 dkhfn ;jkj kgt Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh
fg5afu, yu f9e fnn=2m ;g9g;
6f52ys ;jkj cfnn=2>
™™ lg;g gt=h ijh j9 x9gvyulj=h fu j9 kgh t=a ;ghx3kgvg0 ihyat=h g90gp= j9f9, yrij= j9f9 yu lghxf96hf9 ;jkj 3hx9=,
bghyh2
6f9 y9xjhf9yuh fu g8ajihf9yuh s9g7 ;jkj xh=2, yu Fdj;kyro ;jkj iy8y;k=2÷/
GRKYUG) IYU KG& TYSR+RJ L(G$GDY()YUPFGH IG(Y*YUPJUH
¢
Tysr=r ;gkgr3ghfv>
≥Eg7v glg] ghyh2 jh0j ;jkj clgugkgh, y]c gn jt 31r2r tkji ;jkj ohfh> 2ghj y9 ;jkj orfh p= œK=9o 2fbj cf9fuvgu�÷/
™ Jri K=9o ghy9 orgu>
≥G7x 6f52jhx j.hc =÷/ Gh gn orgu>
≥Dgugbgh÷/
£
Grkyug0 orgu>
≥Dfkj]ho 6d= bg7h÷/ Dfkjho 6dfv bg7h, fu 16 f8gu> Tysr=r ghy9 g5afu=h wg3gu/
¢ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥^f]52x f9ig9= yu ;yc=]h e5h=>< gh gn 6f52o f9ig9fv yu bg7h e5hfv, fu dgugbgh f8gu j9 gwjh t=a><
∞ y9;=rbj lgugkgh p= K=9om j9fhv lg79f9yuh Grkyug0o, Ge9glgtj Grkyug0o, Jrglgij Grkyug0o yu &giyej Grkyug0o, f9fuvgu 2fbj÷/
§ K=9o xg96fgn ghy9 orgu>
≥G7zt 2yu 6f52x 0y]vx xj9÷/ Gh j9 6f52o 0yvo x9gu, yu f9e xyu9r lghfv, glg] 6f52o 6juhj ;=r
qf9tgim ey9yk =9/
¶ Fu
Grkyug0 orgu>
≥^f52x xg]96fgn 0yvx xj9>< gh xg96fgn 6f52o 0yvo x9gu, yu f9e 0yv=h lghfv, glg] xg96fgn j9
ehgigh tg9tjhjh ;=r f8g0 =9/<
• Fp= 2fbj clgugkgh fu g5gajh h4ghjh 31r2o tkji cohfh, sf9ajh h4ghjh 31r2jh ;jkj lgugkgh/
ª Jri fp= g7r f9iyu h4ghhf9yuh gn clgugkgh yu 2yu 31r2x gn tkji cohfh, g]5 dfkjh ayu9=h yu pgw=] vgtg2
dfkjho/ G7h ayu9o y9 dfk=h g5hfrm vgtg2jh s9g7 g9juh ;jkj onng7÷/
Igtm fp= yc
f
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
¡º Tysr=r K=9ya orgu>
≥Y?l, jt K=]9r, fr qg9kg9g31r cft> y]c f9=iyuoh=, y]c hg3y9x 19=h, fu y]c gn 0g5g7jx lfk 31rfn=x fk2> lg;g 0gh9g31r yu 0gh9gnfbyu ft÷/
¡¡ K=9o ghy9 orgu>
≥Y.s kyugu tg9xyuh ef9gh> y.s o9gu lgt9o igt 3yuno, gc2 yuhfvy8o igt iy79o> fr cf.tm K=9r/
¡™ Yurkj dhg] ljtg, yu fr 2yu ef9ghjx lfk ;jkj onngt, fu 2fbj ;jkj ry9sfvhft jhc y9 ;jkj 31rjr÷/
¡£ Gh orgu>
≥Y?l, jt K=]9r, i'g8f9rf]t, 89i=]
g7r ;gkdgto y9y]u 6f52ys y9 i'yubfr 89ifn÷/
¡¢ K=9ya eg9iyupjuho Tysr=rj x=t ey9ey2fvgu, fu orgu>
≥*fukgvj Glg9yh 2yu f8eg79x c=.> fr djkft p= gh qg9kg9g31r =/ Hgfu glg] gh xyu9r i'fnn=m 2fb xjtguy9fnyu, yu f9e 2fb kfrh=m j9 rj9kjh t=a ;jkj yu9g3ghg7/
¡∞ Xy]uh 31r= ghy9 fu 31r2f]9 xj9 ghy9 ef9gho/ Fr 2yu ef9ghjx yu ghy9 ef9ghjh lfk ;jkj onngt, fu 6fbj ;jkj ry9sfvhft jhc y9 ;jkj oh=2/
¡§ @yu kf8x g]h py8 31rj zy8ysyu9xjh> gh 2fbj ef9ghj kf8 onng7, yu xyuh ghy9 Grkyu0y7 kf8 onngr/
¡¶ Fu 6f]52x g5 g7r dgugbgho, y9;=rbj ghys h4ghhf9o ohfr÷/
TYSR+R IO SF(GXG%HG& FDJ:KYR
¡• Tysr=r dhgv, j9 &ypy9 ghf9ya sf9gxg96gu fu ghy9 orgu>
≥I'g8f9rf]t,
py]8 y9 f9pgt, Fdj;kyrj t=a f8y8 f8eg79hf9yur sf9gxg5hgt, yu hg7jt p= kgigujh y]8a fh ghyh2÷/ &ypy9 Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Dhg] 3g8g8yupfgte÷/
¡ª K=9o Tgxjgtj t=a Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Dhg], sf9gxg96j]9 Fdj;kyr> y9yslfkfu 2yu
gifgh2x whk5y8 eyny9 tg9xjio tf5gh÷/
™º Tysr=r gn j9 ijho fu y9xjhf9o g5gu, j4yu s9g7 lf0vyuv bghyh2 yu Fdj;kyrj f9ij9o sf9gxg96gu/ Tysr=r Grkyu0y7 dgugbgho j9 6f52o g5gu,
™¡ fu K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥F9e f9pgrm Fdj;kyr sf9gxg5hgnyu, hg7=] y9 Wg9guyhj g5afu ohfr eyny9 l9g42hf9om y9 2yu 6f52x x9j> fr ghy9 rj9ko ;jkj ig909gvhft, yu zy8ysyu9xo ;jkj cg96gi=/
™™ Or=] Wg9guyhj> œK=9o rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> MJr9g7=n jt y9xjr =, jt ghx9ghjir/
™£ @fbj i'orft>
≥G96gi=] jt y9xjr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k=÷/ Eg7v fp= tf9zfr bg7h g96gifn, glg] fr 2yu y9xjx,
tghgughx 2yu ghx9ghjix, ;jkj tf5vhftM�÷/
™¢ Qgtegh, jafughjh kf8o, K=9o ghy9 lghxj;fvgu fu
eyubfv bg7h tf5vhfn/
™∞
Yurkj Rf;wy9g ryu9 2g9 to g5gu, j9 y9xjjh pnjwo ik9fv, ghy9 yk2f9yuh 6dfv yu orgu>
≥J]9g;=r xyuh jh0j g9juhyk gtyurjh toh fr÷/
™§ G7r;=r
K=9o py8yuv bg7h> g7h gkfhm pnwgkyupfgh lgtg9m
Rf;wy9g orgu>
≥G9juhyk gtyurjh toh fr÷/
™¶ K=9o Glg9yhj orgu>
≥Dhg] ghg;gkom Tysr=ro xjtguy9fnyu÷/ Gh gn dhgv, Grkyu0y7 nf9gh s9g7 lghxj;fvgu ghy9 fu lgteyu9fv bg7h/
™• Tysr=r lg8y9xfv Glg9yhjm bjh2 89iy8 K=9ya eyny9 31r2f9o, yu eyny9 h4ghhf9om y9 j9fh ;gkyuj9fv/
™ª Tysr=r fu Glg9yh dgvjh yu lgug2fvjh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh eyny9 f9=vhf9o/
£º
Glg9yh K=9ya Tysr=rj org0 eyny9 31r2f9o lg8y9xfv
ghyhv, yu zy8ysyu9xjh
dg5afu h4ghhf9o o9gu>
£¡ zy8ysyu9xo lgugkgv/ F9e nrfvjh p= K=9o g7vfnf9 = Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh, fu p= ghyhv kg5g;gh2o kfrf9 =, 3yhg9lfvgh yu f9i9;gdfvjh/
TYSR+R FU GLG(YH WG(GUYHJ G%AFU
g
Fe9>m gh6x
e
Fe9>m whk5fv
d
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
∞
&fky7m Tysr=r fu Glg9yh Wg9guyhj 2ys tkgh yu orjh>
≥Jr9g7=nj Grkyug0om Flysgh rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> œG96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj ghg;gkjh t=a jh0j k1h igkg9=�÷/
™ Fu Wg9guyh orgu>
≥Flysgh y.s =, y9 ghy9 31r2o tkji ohfnysm Jr9g7=no g96gift/ Flysgh cft qghchg9, fu Jr9g7=nh gn cft g96gif9÷/
£ Ghyh2 orjh>
≥Fe9g7fvjhf9yuh Grkyug0o tfbj lghxj;fvgu/ I'g8f9rf]h2,
py]8 y9 f9f2 19yugh qgteg7 f9pgh2 ghg;gkjh t=a yu tf9 Grkyu0y7hm Flysg7j bylfh2, y9;=rbj zghkg3kys igt ryu9ys tfbj x=t cfnn=÷/
¢ Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9o ghyhv orgu>
≥Y]s Tysr=r fu Glg9yh, jhcy.u zy8ysyu9xo io lf5gvh=2 j9fhv dy90f9=h> dgv=]2 6f9 e5hj g43gkgh2hf9yuh÷/
∞ Wg9guyh orgu>
≥Glg] ljtg f9i9jh zy8ysyu9xo 4gk =, yu xyu2 io lghdrkgvh=2 bghyh2 j9fhv e5hj g43gkgh2hf9=h÷/
§ Wg9guyh g7x 19o zy8ysyu9xjh dy90gsg9hf9yuh fu ghy9 yrkjighhf9yuh ;gkyuj9fv>
¶
≥gG5gayugh ;=rm g]n zy8ysyu9xjh 7g9x tj] kg2 g8jur 4jhfnyu lgtg9/ J9f]h2 py8 f9pgh yu j9fhv 7g9x zy8sfh/
• Fu g8jurhf9yuh 2ghgio, jhc;=r g5ga io 4jh=jh, ghyhv s9g7 x9=]2> ghi= tj] ;girfvh=2/ G9xg9fu 0y7n fh, lfkfugeg9 i'g8g8gifh> œF9pgh2, tf9 Grkyu0y7h bylfh2�/
ª
eDy90o g7r tg9xyv s9g7 py8 0gh9ghg7, y9;=rbj ghys g43gkjh yu
dryuk 31r2f9 tkji cohfhmm÷/
¡º Zy8ysyu9xjh
dy90gsg9hf9h yu yrkjighhf9o fngh fu zy8ysyu9xjh 31rfvghm orfnys>
≥Wg9guyh rg] i'or=> œFr 6fbj 7g9x cft kg9/
¡¡ Xy]u2 dgv=2, 6fbj 7g]9x g5=2m yu9 y9 ig9fhg2 dkhfn�> eg7v 6f9 dy90=h ycjhc ;jkj ;girj÷/
¡™ G7r;=r zy8ysyu9xo Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a v9yufvgum 7g9xj kf8 3ybgh zy8sfnyu lgtg9/
¡£ Dy90gsg9hf9o io wyupgvh=jh
bghyh2m orfnys>
≥^f9 gt=h 19yugh dy90o nthvyuv=]2, jhc;=r f9e 7g9x yuh=j2÷/
¡¢ Wg9guyhj dy90gsg9hf9o 0f0fvjh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh s9g7 j9fhv h4ghgig0 yrkjighhf9om orfnys>
≥^f9 s9g7 x9yug0 g8jurhf9yuh 2ghgio f9=i fu g7r19 jhcy.u cnthvyuvj2m g5gayugh ;=r÷/
¡∞ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh yrkjighhf9o figh yu Wg9guyhj g8g8gifvjhm orfnys>
≥Jhcy.u 2yu 0g5ghf9yux lfk g7r;=r io sg9yujr/
¡§ @yu 0g5ghf9yux 7g9x cfh kg9, fu tfbj i'orfh> œG8jurhf]9 4jhfv=2�/ Glg] 2yu 0g5ghf9x 0f0yufvgh, tjhc 7ghvgh2o 2yu zy8ysyu9xjxh =÷/
¡¶ Gh gn orgu>
≥)y]7n =2 xyu2, 0y]7n> lfkfugeg9 i'or=2> œF9pgh2 K=9ya bylfh2�/
¡• Yurkj ljtg dgv=]2
yu dy90fv=]2/ ^fbj 7g9x ;jkj ck9yuj, eg7v g8jurhf9yuh 2ghgio ;jkj 7gh6h=2÷/
¡ª Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh yrkjighhf9o j9fh2 bj9fh2 cg9j2j t=a kfrgh, f9e oryufvgu p= œgt=h 19yugh 6f9 s9g7 x9yug0 g8jurhf9yuh 2ghgi=h c;girfvh=2�÷/
™º F9e Wg9guyhj 2ys=h xyu9r fnghm Tysr=rj yu Glg9yhj lghxj;fvgh, y9yh2 ig7hg0 =jh bj9fh2 xjtguy9fnyu,
™¡ fu orjh ghyhv>
≥K=]9o 6fbj hg7j yu xgk=> y9yslfkfu dg94fnj o9j2 tf9 lyko Wg9guyhj
xg5afu fu ghy9 0g5ghf9yuh g5afu, tfb r;ghhfnyu lgtg9 ghyhv 6f52o ryu9 kgnys÷/
TYSR+R IO DGHDGKJ K+(YA
g
Fe9>m F9=iyugh yu hg3y9x 19yugh
e
Fe9>m )g5g7yupjuho
d
Fe9>m
if80 31r2f9yu chg7jh
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
™™ Tysr=r K=9ya xg96gu fu orgu>
≥Y]s K=9, jhcy.u g7r zy8ysyu9xo cg9cg9fvj9, yu bjr jhcy.u 89ifvj9/
™£ Y9yslfkfum 2yu ghyuhysx Wg9guyhj 31rfnyu lgtg9 dgn=r j sf9m
gh g7r zy8ysyu9xo cg9cg9fv, jri xyuh ehgu cw9ifvj9 2yu zy8ysyu9xx÷/
§
K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Ljtg ;jkj kfrhfr jhc y9 ;jkj ohft Wg9guyhj> y9yslfkfu yuzf8 6f52ys ;jkj g96gi= bghyh2, fu yuzf8 6f52ys ;jkj s5hk= bghyh2 j9 f9i9=h÷/
GRKYUG) IO IGHC+ TYSR+RO
™ Grkyug0 Tysr=rj 31rfvgu yu ghy9 orgu>
≥F]r ft
gFlysgh/
£ Ge9glgtj, Jrglgij fu &giyej f9fuvg7 œGtfhgig9y8 Grkyu0y7� ghyuhys> eg7v ghyhv cqghcvyufvg7 jt œFlysg� ghyuhysr/
¢ Hgfu ghyhv lfk lgrkgkfvj jt yu3kr, y9 ghyhv kgt @ghghj f9ij9o, ghyhv dg8pgighyupfgh f9ij9om yu9 ;ghx3kgvgh/
∞
Nrfvj hgfu lf0f0gh2o Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh, y9 Fdj;kgvjhf9o rk9yui o9jh, fu 7j4fvj jt yu3kr/
§ Yurkj or=] Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh> œF]r ft Flysgh> f]r ;jkj lghft 6fb Fdj;kgvjhf9yu e5hj g43gkgh2hf9yuh kgi=h, ;jkj gbgkft 6fb ghyhv rk9iyupfh=h, yu ;jkj w9ift 6fb f9ig9g0 egbyuiys fu tf0 xgkgrkghhf9ys/
¶ ^fb ;jkj g5hft je9 j]t zy8ysyu9xr> 6fbj Grkyug0 ;jkj onngt, yu ;jkj djkhg2 p= 6fb Fdj;kgvjhf9yu e5hj g43gkgh2hf9yuh kgi=h lghy8 K=9om 6f9 Grkyug0om f]r ft/
•
^fb ;jkj kghjt g7h f9ij9om y9yuh lgtg9
ef9xyut o9jmm, y9 Ge9glgtj, Jrglgij fu &giyej kgt, yu 6fbj ;jkj kgt bg7hm je9 rkgvyug02/ F]r ft K=9o÷/
ª Tysr=r g]7r;=r orgu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh> eg7v ghyh2 Tysr=rj tkji co9jhm lydjj slgkyupfgh yu kgzghfnj rk9iyupfgh ;gkqg5ys/
¡º K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rjm orfnys>
¡¡
≥Tkj]9 Fdj;kyrj Wg9guyh pgdguy9jh 2ys,
fu 31r=] y9 Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o g96gi= j9 f9i9=h÷/
¡™ Jri Tysr=r 31rfvgu K=9ya g5afum orfnys>
≥Glg] Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf]9o jh0j tkji co9jh, lg;g j.hc;=r Wg9guyh jh0j tkji ;jkj oh=, jh0jm y9
d0gh9gnfbyu ft÷/
¡£ K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhj, yu ;gkyuj9fv ghyhvm
y9 Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh yu Fdj;kyrj Wg9guyh pgdguy9jh
f9pgh, y9;=rbj Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h xyu9r lghfh/
TYSR+RJ FU GLG(YHJ GBDGEGHYUPJUHO
¡¢ Glg]ugrji ghyhv
xhglg;fkyupjuhhf9yuh dn3guy9hf9o/ Jr9g7=nj ghx9ghjijhm %yue=hj y9xjhf9o>< Fhys2, Wg88yur, Fr9yh fu @g9tj> gryh2 fh %yue=hj df9xgrkghhf9o/
¡∞ $tguyhj y9xjhf9om >yu=n, >jh, Ylgx, &g2jh, Rglg5, yu
g
G7rjh2hm G]hm y9 =,
igtm &gujkfhgigho
e
Fe9>m 6f52r eg969gvyuvj
d
Fe9>m ghpnwgk 49pyuh2ys
G7rjh2hm lg79f9yu kyuhf9yuh
2ghghgvj ihya y9xjhm Rguyu8> gryh2 fh $tguyhj df9xgrkghhf9o/
¡§ Glg]ugrji *fujj y9xjhf9yuh ghyuhhf9om j9fhv 0hyuhxhf9yuh lgtftgk>< Df9ryh, Iglgp fu Tf9g9j/ *fujj ifgh2jh kg9jhf9om lg9ju9 f9fryuhf1po kg9j f8gh/
¡¶ Df9ryhj y9xjhf9om j9fhv df9xgrkghhf9yuh lgtftgkm *yefhj yu Rft=j =jh/
¡• Iglgpj y9xjhf9om Gt9gt, Jrglg5, @fe9yh fu Ybj=n> Iglgpj ifgh2jh kg9jhf9o lg9ju9 f9fryuhf9f2 kg9j f8gh/
¡ª Tf9g9jj y9xjhf9om Tyly8j yu Tyurj/ *fujj df9xgrkghhf9om j9fhv 0hyuhxhf9yuh lgtftgkm gryh2 fh/
™º Gt9gt j9 l19g2y79om &y2ge=xo j9fh ijh g5gu, y9 0hgu j9fh Glg9yho fu Tysr=ro> Gt9gtj ifgh2jh kg9jhf9o lg9ju9 f9fryuhf1po kg9j f8gh/
™¡ Jrglg5j y9xjhf9om Iy93, Hgwfi yu Bf29j/
™™ Ybj=nj y9xjhf9om Tjrg7=n, F8jrgwgh fu Rfp9j/
™£ Glg9yh j9fh ijh g5gu Gtjhgxgej g8ajio, Hggryhj 2y79om F8jrge=po> gh 0hgu j9fh Hgxgeo, Gejyuxo, F8jgbg9h yu Jpgtg9o/
™¢ Iy93j y9xjhf9om Grj9, F8ighg fu Gejgrgw> gryh2 fh Iy93fghhf9yuh df9xgrkghhf9o/
™∞ Glg9yhj y9xjhm F8jgbg9 Wyukj=nj g8ajihf9=h j9fh ijh g5gu> gh 0hgu j9fh Wfhfl=ro/ Gryh2 fh *fukgvjhf9yuh
fhglg;fkhf9om j9fhv df9xgrkghhf9yuh lgtftgk/
™§ Gryh2 fh g7h Glg9yho fu Tysr=rom y9yhv K=9o orgu>
≥Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o lghfv=]2 Fdj;kyrj f9i9=hm j9fhv b19gegzjhhf9yuh lgtftgk÷/
™¶ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o Fdj;kyr=h lghfnyu lgtg9m Fdj;kyrj Wg9guyh pgdguy9jh 31ry8hf9o gry]h2 fh, g7r Tysr=rh yu Glg9yho/
GRKYU)Y& L(GTGHO TYSR+RJ FU GLG(YHJ
™• G7h 19o f9e K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rjm Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a,<
™ª K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rjm orfnys>
≥F]r ft Flysgh> gt=h jhc y9 2fbj i'orft, Fdj;kyrj Wg9guyh pgdguy9jh 31r=]÷,<
£º Tysr=r K=9ya g5afu orgu>
≥Glg] fr
b0gh9gnfbyu ft, yurkj j.hc;=r Wg9guyh jh0j tkji ;jkj oh=÷/
¶
K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Hg7=], 2fb Wg9guyhj grkyug0 o9j, yu f8eg79xm Glg9yh 2yu tg9dg9=x py8 onng7/
™ Xyuh 31r=] gt=h jhc y9 2fbj io ;gkyuj9ft, fu 2yu f8eg79xm Glg9yh py8 or= Wg9guyhj, y9;=rbj Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o g96gi= j9 f9i9=h/
£ Fr Wg9guyhj rj9ko ;jkj 3rkgvhft, yu jt h4ghhf9r fu l9g42hf9r Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a ;jkj egbtg;gkift/
¢ Wg9guyh 6fbj tkji ;jkj coh=> fr gn 6f52r Fdj;kyrj s9g7 ;jkj xhft, fu jt b19gegzjhhf9r, jt zy8ysyu9xr, Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o, tf0 xgkgrkghhf9ys ;jkj lghft Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h/
∞ Yu f9e jt 6f52r Fdj;kyrj s9g7 f9ig9ft fu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o ghyhv t=a=h lghft, Fdj;kgvjhf9o ;jkj djkhgh p= f]r ft K=9o÷/
§ Tysr=r yu Glg9yh o9jh jhc;=r K=9o j9fhv ;gkyuj9f9 =9> g7h;=r o9jh/
¶ Tysr=r yupryuh kg9figh =9, jri Glg9yhm yupryuhf9f2 kg9figh, f9e Wg9guyhj lfk 31rfvgh/
GLG(YHJ @GNY* DGUGBGHO
f
G7rjh2hm lg79f9yu dn3guy9hf9o
b
Fe9>m ghpnwgk 49pyuh2ys
• K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhjm orfnys>
≥F9e Wg9guyh 6fbj 31rj yu or=>
ª
œ^fbj lgtg9 l9g]42
gvy7v kyu=2mm �, or=] Glg9yhj> œG]5 dgugbghx fu hfk=] Wg9guyhj g5afu�> gh sj4g; ;jkj onng7÷/
¡º Tysr=r yu Glg9yh tkgh Wg9guyhj 2ys fu o9jh jhc;=r K=9o ;gkyuj9f9 =9/ Glg9yh j9 dgugbgho hfkfv Wg9guyhj g5afu yu ghy9 0g5ghf9yuh g5afu, fu sj4g; f8gu/
¡¡ &fky7 Wg9guyh gn jtgrkyuhhf9h yu ig3g9xhf9o ighcfv, fu ghy]h2 gn < Fdj;kyrj tydf9o < hy7h;=r o9jhm j9fhv ig3g9xyupjuhhf9ys/
¡™ Ju9g2ghcju9o j9 dgugbgho hfkfv, yu ghyh2 sj4g;hf9 f8gh> eg7v Glg9yhj dgugbgho innfv ghyhv dgugbghhf9o/
¡£ Rgig7h Wg9guyhj rj9ko ig909gvgu fu ghyhv tkji co9gu, jhc;=r K=9o orf9 =9/
KGRO LG(YUG)HF(O
G9juh
¡¢ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Wg9guyhj rj9ko 3rkgvgu> io tf9z= zy8ysyu9xo g96gifn/
¡∞ G5kyuh dhg] Wg9guyhj> glg] gh xyu9r i'fnn=m x=;j ayu9o/ Dfkjh fbf]92o ig7h=m ghy9 xjtgvo, 6f]52x g5 g7h dgugbghom y9 16j sf9g0yug0 =9,
¡§ fu or=] ghy9> œFe9g7fvjhf9yuh Grkyug0om Flysgh bjr 2fbj 89ifvm orfnys> MG96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k= ghg;gkjh t=aM> eg7v glg] tjhcfu ljtg tkji co9j9/
¡¶ K=9o rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> MLfkfufg]n
tjayvys ;jkj djkhgr p= f]r ft K=9o>< glg] fr jt 6f52r f8y8 dgugbghys ;jkj bg9hft dfkjh t=a f8y8 ayu9f9yuh, fu g9juhj ;jkj sf9g0yujh>
¡• dfkjh t=a f8y8 6yuif9o ;jkj tf5hjh, dfko dg94glyk ;jkj onng7, yu Fdj;kgvjhf9o ;jkj 6gh69ghghm dfkjh ayu9=h 3tfn
aghgnysM�÷/
¡ª K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Or=] Glg9yhj> œG]5 dgugbghx yu f9ig9=] 6f52x Fdj;kgvjhf9yu ayu9f9yuh s9g7 < ghyhv dfkgihf9yuh s9g7, dfkf9yuh s9g7, njqf9yuh s9g7, fu ghyhv eyny9 a9giy7kf9yuh s9g7 <, y9;=rbj g9juh onngh> Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=am wg7k= yu 2g9= gh1phf9yuh t=aj
ayu9f9o g9juh onngh�÷/
™º Fu Tysr=r yu Glg9yh o9jh jhc;=r K=9o ;gkyuj9f9 =9/ Dgugbgho sf9vyuv, Wg9guyhj
eg5afu fu ghy9 0g5ghf9yuh g5afu dfkjh t=a f8y8 ayu9f9yuh bg9igu, yu dfkjh t=a f8y8 eyny9 ayu9f9o g9juhj sf9g0yufvgh/
™¡ Dfkjh t=a f8y8 6yuif9o tf5gh, dfko dg94glyk f8gu, fu Fdj;kgvjhf9o dfkjh ayu9=h c=jh i9hg9 3tfn/ Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a g9juh ig9/
™™ Eg7v Fdj;kyrj tydf9h gn j9fhv ig3g9xyupjuhhf9ys hy7h;=r o9jh> yu Wg9guyhj rj9ko ig909gvgu fu ghyhv tkji co9gu, jhc;=r K=9o orf9 =9/
™£
Wg9guyh xg96gu yu j9 kyuho tkgu>
dg]7r gn ghy9 rj9kjh cx;gumm/
™¢ Eyny9 Fdj;kgvjhf9o dfkjh 4yu9ao wy9fvjhm 3tfnyu ayu9
dkhfnyu lgtg9, y9yslfkfu dfkjh ayu9=h c=jh i9hg9 3tfn/
™∞ Yu f1po 19 ghvgum K=9o dfko bg9hfn=h fk2/
Dy9kf9
•
K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Tkj]9 Wg9guyhj 2ys fu or=] ghy9> œK=9o rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> MG96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k=/
™ Fp= tf9zfr
bghyh2 g96gifn, glg]
g
Fe9>m kyu=2
e
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
d
Fe9>m j9 rj9ko g7r eghjh s9g7 gn cx9gu fr 2yu gtey8a ly8gtgrx dy9kf9ys ;jkj bg9hft/
£ Dfko
gg5gkyupfgte dy9kf9 ;jkj g9kgx9=mm> ghyh2 gn sf9 ;jkj fnnfh yu ;jkj tkhfh 2yu kghx, hhagrfhfgijx fu tgljqjx t=a, 2yu 0g5ghf9yux kyuhf9o, 2yu zy8ysyu9xjx, 2yu wyu5f9yux yu 3ty9j kg4kf9yux t=a/
¢ Dy9kf9o ;jkj fnnfh 2yu s9gx, zy8ysyu9xjx s9g7 fu eyny9 0g5ghf9yux s9g7M�÷/
∞ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Rg] or= Glg9yhj> œ@yu dgugbghysx f9ig9=] 6f]52x dfkgihf9yuh s9g7, dfkf9yuh s9g7 yu njqf9yuh s9g7, fu dy9kf]9 lgh= Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7�÷/
§ Glg9yh j9 6f52o f9ig9fv Fdj;kyrj ayu9f9yuh s9g7, yu dy9kf9 eg969gvgh fu Fdj;kyrj f9ij9o 0g0ifvjh/
¶ Eg7v tydf9h gn j9fhv ig3g9xyupjuhhf9ys hy7h;=r o9jh, yu Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7 dy9kf9 eg969gvyuvjh/
• Wg9guyh Tysr=rh yu Glg9yho ighcfv, fu orgu>
≥Pg3gh6fv=]2 K=9ya, y9 jh6t= yu jt zy8ysyu9x=r lf5gvh= dy9kf9o, fu zy8ysyu9xo ;jkj g96giftm y9;=rbj K=9ya byl=÷/
ª Tysr=r Wg9guyhj orgu>
≥eY9y4=] jh0j
zgtghgi tomm, p= f]9e pg3gh6ft 2fbj lgtg9, 0g5ghf9yux lgtg9 yu zy8ysyu9xjx lgtg9, y9 dy9kf9o ehgahayujh 2fbt= fu 2yu kyuhf9=x, yu tjg7h dfkjh t=a thgh÷/
¡º Gh orgu>
≥Sg]8o÷/ Jh2 gn orgu>
≥@yu 31r2jx lgtg6g7h onng7, y9;=rbj djkhgr p= y]c t=io tf9 Grkyu0y7hm Flysg7j htgh
=/
¡¡ @fbt=, 2yu kyuhf9=x, 2yu 0g5ghf9=x fu 2yu zy8ysyu9x=x dy9kf9o ;jkj lf5ghgh> tjg7h dfkjh t=a ;jkj thgh÷/
¡™ Tysr=r fu Glg9yh Wg9guyhj 2ys=h fngh> Tysr=r K=9ya g8g8gifv g7h dy9kf9yuh ;gkqg5ysm y9 Wg9guyhj s9g7
def9g0 =9,
¡£ yu K=9o Tysr=rj 31r2jh lgtg6g7h o9gu/ Dy9kf9o tf5gh kyuhf9yuh, egif9yuh fu xg4kf9yuh t=a>
¡¢ bghyh2 bghdyug0hf9y]s lgug2fvjh, yu f9ij9o dg94glyk f8gu/
¡∞
Eg7v f9e Wg9guyh kfrgu p= lghdrkgu=kyupjuh ig7, j9 rj9ko
x3rkgvyuv fu ghyhv tkji co9gu, jhc;=r K=9o orf9 =9/
Tyuhf9
¡§ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Or=] Glg9yhj> œF9ig9=] dgugbghx yu bg]9i dfkjhj ly8jh,
y9;=rbj Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a
ftyuh onng7�÷/
¡¶ G7h;=r gn o9jh/ Glg9yh j9 6f52o f9ig9fv fu j9 dgugbghys bg9igu ly8jh, yu tg9xyv s9g7 fu ghgryuhhf9yuh s9g7 tyuh f8gu/ Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh s9g7m f9i9jh gtey8a ly8o tyuh f8gu/
¡•
Tydf9h gn j9fhv ig3g9xyupjuhhf9ys hy7h;=r o9jhm y9;=rbj tyuhf9 g9kgx9fh, eg7v ci9vgh/ G7r;=rm tg9xyv fu ghgryuhhf9yuh s9g7 tyuh f8gu/
¡ª Tydf9o orjh Wg9guyhj>
≥Grjig Grkyu0y7 tgkh =÷/ Eg7v Wg9guyhj rj9ko ig909gvgu yu ghyhv tkji co9gu, jhc;=r K=9o orf9 =9/
$ghgqghqf9
g
Fe9>m dy9kf9 ;jkj s3kgvh=
e
Fe9>m wg5guy9yu=] jh6tys
d
Fe9>m x9g0
Fe9>m 0gh9gvyuv
f
Igtm yajn
™º K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥G5kyuhm ighy]u3 fnj9, Wg9guyhj] hf9ig7gvj9,< glg] gh xyu9r i'fnn=m x=;j ayu9o,< fu ghy9 or=]> œK=9o rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> MG96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k=/
™¡ Jri fp= jt zy8ysyu9xr cg96gifr, fr 4ghgqghq ;jkj 89ift 2yu s9gx, 2yu 0g5ghf9yux s9g7, 2yu zy8ysyu9xjx s9g7 yu 2yu kyuhf9yux s9g7> Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh kyuhf9o 4ghgqghqys ;jkj nfvyujh, hgfu g7h dfkjhom y9yuh s9g7 ghyh2
io ifhgh/
™™ Eg7v g7h 19o jt zy8ysyu9xjr ehgig0 Dfr=tj f9ij9o ;jkj bgky9y4ft, fu lyh 4ghgqghq ;jkj conng7> y9;=rbj djkhgr p= f9i9jh t=a f]r ft K=9o/
™£ Jt zy8ysyu9xjr yu 2yu zy8ysyu9xjx tjafu 3k9yupjuh ;jkj xhft> sg8o g7r h4gho ;jkj onng7M�÷/
™¢ Fu K=9o g7h;=r o9gu/ Wg9guyhj kgh, ghy9 0g5ghf9yuh kyuhf9yuh yu Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh s9g7 4gk 4ghgqghq figu,
fu 4ghgqghqjh ;gkqg5ys f9ij9o g;gighfvgu/
™∞ Wg9guyh Tysr=rh yu Glg9yho ighcfv, fu orgu>
≥Dgvf]2, 6f9 Grkyu0y7h bylfv=]2
g7r f9i9jh t=a÷/
™§ Tysr=r orgu>
≥:gk4gq c= g7r;=r ohfn> y9yslfkfu Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh dg94fnj
f8g0hf9o ;jkj bylfh2 K=9yam tf9 Grkyu0y7h/ Fp= Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh dg94fnj
f8g0hf9o j9fhv gc2f9yuh g5afu bylfh2, tjp= ;jkj c2g9iy0f.h tfb/
™¶ Tfh2 f9f2 19yugh qgteg7 ;jkj f9pgh2 ghg;gkjh t=a, yu ;jkj bylfh2 K=9yam tf9 Grkyu0y7h, jhc;=r jh2 tfbj l9gtg7=÷/
™• Wg9guyh orgu>
≥Fr 6fb i'g96giftm y9;=rbj f9pg2, 6f9 Grkyu0y7hm Flysg7j byl=2 ghg;gkjh t=a> tjg7h p= 4gk lf5yu cf9pg2/ Pg3gh6fv=]2 jh0j lgtg9÷/
™ª Tysr=r orgu>
≥Glg] fr 2yu 2ys=x i'fnnft yu K=9ya io pg3gh6ft, y9 sg8o 4ghgqghqo lf5gvh= Wg9guyh=, ghy9 0g5ghf9=h fu ghy9 zy8ysyu9x=h/ Eg7v Wg9guyh ghdg]t toh gn
tfb c3ge=m zy8ysyu9xo cg96gifnys y9 K=9ya byl=÷/
£º F9e Tysr=r Wg9guyhj 2ys=h fngum K=9ya pg3gh6fv/
£¡ Fu K=9o Tysr=rj 31r2jh lgtg6g7h o9gu, yu 4ghgqghqo lf5gvyuv Wg9guyh=, ghy9 0g5ghf9=h fu ghy9 zy8ysyu9x=h> t=]i lgk jri cthgv/
£™ Eg7v Wg9guyh g7r ghdgt gn j9 rj9ko 3rkgvyuv yu zy8ysyu9xo cg96gifv/
Ghgryuhhf9yu tgl
ª
K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Tkj]9 Wg9guyhj 2ys fu or=] ghy9> œK=9om Fe9g7fvjhf9yuh Grkyug0om rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> MG96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k=/
™
G9xg9fu fp= tf9zfr
bghyh2 g96gifn yu kgigujh gtyu9 e5hfr bghyh2,
£ glg] K=9ya 6f52o xg4kjh t=a f8y8 2yu 3g4jh2jx s9g7 onngnysm 6jf9yuh, =4f9yuh, yu8kf9yuh, g9ag5hf9yuh yu yc3g9hf9yuh t=a 7y7z rgrkji zghkg3k ;jkj onng7/
¢ K=9o Jr9g7=nj 3g4jh2h yu Fdj;kyrj 3g4jh2o ;jkj bgky9y4=, fu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh
ghgryuhhf9=h y]c t=io ;jkj tf5hjM�÷/
∞ K=9o zgtghgi y9y4fvm orfnys>
≥K=9o sg8o ;jkj oh= g7r egho f9i9jh t=a÷/
§ Yu lfkfufgn 19o K=9o o9gu g7r egho> Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh gtey8a 3g4jh2o tf5gu, eg7v Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh 3g4jh2=h y]c t=i
ghgryuh tf5gu/
¶ Wg9guyh
tg9x 89ifv, fu glg] Jr9g7=nj 3g4jh2=h y]c t=i
ghgryuh tf5g0 =9/ Rgig7h Wg9guyhj rj9ko 3rkgvgu yu zy8ysyu9xo cg96gifv/
Yu5fv2hf9
• K=9o Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhj orgu>
≥G5=]2 6fbj f9iyu eyu5 lhyvj ty3j9, yu Tysr=r x=;j f9ijh2 py8 vgh= bg7hm Wg9guyhj
gg5afu/
ª Gh wy4j ;jkj onng7 Fdj;kyrj
g
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
gtey8a f9i9jh s9g7, yu tg9xyv fu ghgryuhhf9yuh s9g7 3g8gug9khf9
elghy8 ;gng9hf9 ;jkj onngh Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a÷/
¡º Yurkj lhyvj ty3j9o g5jh, Wg9guyhj g5afu ig7hfvgh, yu Tysr=r x=;j f9ijh2 vghfv bg7h> tg9xyv fu ghgryuhhf9yuh s9g7 3g8gug9khf9 lghy8 ;gng9hf9 f8gh/
¡¡ Tydf9o ;gng9hf9yuh ;gkqg5ys ci9vgh ig7hjn Tysr=rj g5afu> y9yslfkfu ;gng9hf9o tydf9yuh s9g7
gn yu eyny9 Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh s9g7 f8gh/
¡™ K=9o ig909gvyuv Wg9guyhj rj9ko, fu ghyhv tkji co9gu, jhc;=r K=9o Tysr=rj orf9 =9/
Ig9iyuk
¡£ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥G5kyuhm ighy]u3 fnj9, Wg9guyhj] hf9ig7gvj9 fu ghy9 or=]> œK=9om Fe9g7fvjhf9yuh Grkyug0om rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> MG96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k=>
¡¢ 2ghj y9 g7r ghdgt jt eyny9 ;gkyulgrhf9r ;jkj 89ift 2yu
ds9gx, fu 0g5ghf9yux yu zy8ysyu9xjx s9g7, y9;=rbj djkhgr p= jh0j htgh y]c t=io
ig7 gtey8a f9i9j s9g7/
¡∞ G9xg9fu ljtg 6f52r ;jkj f9ig9ftm y9;=rbj 2fb yu 2yu zy8ysyu9xx zghkg3kys bg9hft, yu f9i9j s9g7=h ;jkj ghlfkghgr/
¡§ @fb
xh4ghgifvj, y9;=rbj jt ig9y8yupjuhr 2fbtys vy7v kgt, fu gtey8a f9i9j s9g7 jt ghyuhr l5cgiyuj/
¡¶ Xyuh kgigujh jt zy8ysyu9xjr x=.t io ifhgr, y9 cg96gifr bg7h/
¡• Glg] sg8om g7r gkfhm 7y7z rgrkji ig9iyuk ;jkj kf8gvhft, y9yuh ;=r Fdj;kyrj t=a f8g0 c=m ghy9 ljthyug0 19=h tjhcfu ljtg/
¡ª Ljtg
tg9]x 89i=
fu
flgug2=] 2yu 3g4jh2x, hgfu jhc y9 yuhjr xg4kjh t=a> y9yslfkfu eyny9
ghyh2m tg9x p= ghgryuhm y9 xg4kjh t=a dkhyujh yu kyuhf9o lgug2yug0 conngh, ghyhv s9g7 ig9iyuko ;jkj jah=, fu ;jkj tf5hjhM�÷/
™º Wg9guyhj 0g5ghf9=h g]hm y9 K=9ya 31r2=h io sg3hg9, j9 0g5ghf9h yu 3g4jh2o kyuhf9yu t=a
blgug2fv/
™¡ Rgig7h y]s y9 K=9ya
=31r2jh yu4gx9yupjuh cxg96yuvmm, j9 0g5ghf9h yu 3g4jh2o xg4kjh t=a py8yuv/
™™ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥F9ig9=] 6f52x x=;j f9ijh2, y9 ig9iyuk onng7 Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=am tg9xyv fu ghgryuhhf9yuh s9g7, yu Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a f8y8 xg4kf9yuh gtey8a ey7rjh s9g7÷/
™£ F9e Tysr=r j9 dgugbgho f9ig9fv x=;j f9ijh2, K=9o
oy9ykyut fu ig9iyuk
p89ifv, yu i9gio f9i9j s9g7 io 49a=9/ K=9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7 ig9iyuk kf8gvyuv>
™¢ 7y7z rgrkji =9 ig9iyuko, fu ig9iyukjh 3g5hyug0 i9gio, g7h;=r y9 ghy9 htgho f8g0 c=9 Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=am gbd onngn=h j sf9/
™∞ Ig9iyuko Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a bg9igu xg4ko f8y8
e
Fe9>m 0g8ifvhy8
d
Fe9>m r9kjx s9g7
Fe9>m ig7hfvyuvj
f
Fe9>m wg3vy]u9
b
Fe9>m wg3vyuv
=
Fe9>m 31r2o rj9kjh t=a cx9gu
o
Fe9>m 6g7h
p
Fe9>m kyugu gt=h jhc, tg9x= tjhcfu ghgryuh> ig9iyuko xg4kjh gtey8a ey7ro bg9igu, yu xg4kjh eyny9 0g5f9o iyk9fv/
™§ Tjg7h Dfr=tj f9i9jh t=a, yu9 Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o
io ehgi=jh, ig9iyuk cf8gu/
™¶ Wg9guyh
tg9x 89ifv, Tysr=rh yu Glg9yho ighcfv, fu ghyhv orgu>
≥G7r ghdgt tf8ghcfvj> Flysgh g9xg9 =, yu fr fu jt zy8ysyu9xr
z7ghvguy9 fh2/
™• Pg3gh6fv=]2 K=9yam y9 Grkyu0y7 y9ykyuthf9h yu ig9iyuko
jxgx9jh, fu 6fb ;jkj g96gift yu g]n
;jkj cifhg2÷/
™ª Tysr=r ghy9 orgu>
≥F9e 2g8g2=h xyu9r fnnftm jt 6f52f9r K=9ya
;jkj
nf9ig9ft,
yu y9ykyuthf9o ;jkj xgx9jh fu g]n ig9iyuk ;jkj conng7, y9;=rbj djkhgr p= f9ij9o K=9yah =/
£º Eg7v fr djkft p= xyuh yu 2yu 0g5ghf9x kgigujh K=9 Grkyu0t= c=2 sg3hg9÷/
£¡ Syu4o fu dg9jh bg9hyufvgh, y9yslfkfu dg9jh lgrg0 =9, yu syu4om 0g8ig0>
£™
eg7v vy9fho fu lgqg9o cbg9hyufvgh, 2ghj y9 yu4 io eyurhjh/
££ Tysr=r Wg9guyhj 2ys=h
yu 2g8g2=h xyu9r fngu, fu j9 6f52f9o K=9ya f9ig9fv/ Y9ykyuthf9h yu ig9iyuko xgx9fvgh, fu f9i9j s9g7 gh69fu ckf8gv/
£¢ F9e Wg9guyh gh69fujh, ig9iyukjh yu y9ykyutjh xgx9jno kfrgu, xg96fgn tf8ghcfv> rj9ko 3rkgvyuv, hy7h;=r gn j9 0g5ghf9o/
£∞ G7r;=rm Wg9guyhj rj9ko ig909gvgu yu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o cg96gifv, jhc;=r K=9o Tysr=rj
3tjayvys orf9 =9/
Tg9g3hf9
¡º
K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Tkj9] Wg9guyhj 2ys, y9yslfkfu fr ghy9 rj9ko fu ghy9
0g5ghf9yuh rj9ko 3rkgvyuvj, y9;=rbj g7r h4ghhf9r
gvy7v kgtmm ghyhv t=a>
™ fu y9;=rbj ;gktfr 2yu y9xjjx yu 2yu y9xjjx y9xjjh gighahf9yuhm jhc y9 o9j Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh t=a, fu jt h4ghhf9rm y9 ghyhv t=a o9j, y9;=rbj djkhg2 p= f]r ft K=9o÷/
£ Tysr=r yu Glg9yh tkgh Wg9guyhj 2ys fu orjh>
≥Fe9g7fvjhf9yuh Grkyug0om Flysgh rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> œTjhcfu f.9e ;jkj tf9zfr 3yhg9ljn jt g5afur> g96gi=] jt zy8ysyu9xr, y9;=rbj bjr ;g4k=/
¢ G9xg9fu fp= tf9zfr jt zy8ysyu9xr g96gifn, glg] sg8o 2yu ly8gtgrjx s9g7 tg9g3hf9 ;jkj 89ift/
∞ Ghyh2 f9i9jh
etgif9fro ;jkj 0g0ifh, g7h;=r y9 y]c t=io ;jkj ig9fhg7 kfrhfn f9ij9o> ;jkj yukfh gbgkg0 thgvy9xo, y9 ig9iyuk=h 6fbj thgvg0 => ;jkj yukfh hgfu xg4kjh t=a eyurg0 6f9 eyny9 0g5f9o/
§ :jkj nfvyujh 2yu kyuhf9x, 2yu eyny9 0g5ghf9yux kyuhf9o fu eyny9 Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh kyuhf9o, jhc y9 y]c 2yu lg79f9x, y]c gn 2yu lg79f9yux lg79f9o kfrg0 fh, j9fhv f9i9gdyuhxj s9g7 f8g0 19=h tjhcfu g7r19�÷/ Yu
Tysr=r
xg96gu fu Wg9guyhj 2ys=h xyu9r fngu/
z
Fe9>m gteg9j4k
j
Fe9>m egugigh onngh
n
Fe9>m kg9g0ft
3
Fe9>m 6f52ys
g
Fe9>m xhft
e
Fe9>m gc2o
¶ Wg9guyhj 0g5ghf9o orjh ghy9>
≥Tjhcfu f.9e g7r
tg9xo tfbj y9ydg7p ;jkj onng7> g96gi=] tg9xjio, y9 j9fhv Grkyug0om Flysgh ;g4kfh> kgigujh cf.r djkf9 p= Fdj;kyr iy90ghfvgu÷/
• Yurkj Tysr=r yu Glg9yh Wg9guyhj sf9gxg96yuvjh, fu gh j9fhv orgu>
≥Dgv=]2, ;g4kfv=]2 6f9 Grkyug0om Flysgh>
eg7v
dy9y.h2 ;jkj f9pgh÷/
ª Tysr=r orgu>
≥Tf9 f9jkgrg9xhf9ys yu tf9 0f9f9ys ;jkj f9pgh2, tf9 y9xjhf9ys yu tf9 g8ajihf9ys> tf9 yc3g9hf9ys yu tf9 g9ag5hf9ys ;jkj f9pgh2, y9yslfkfu k1h ;jkj igkg9fh2 K=9ya÷/
¡º Wg9guyh orgu>
≥K=9o g7h;=r 6fbj lfk onng7, jhc;=r fr 6fb fu 6f9 tghyuihf9o i'g96gift/
xBdyu4gv=]2, 2ghj y9 cg9j2 ig7 6f9 g5afu/
¡¡ Y]c g7x;=r> g7zt xy]u2m
fg79 tg9xj]ixmm dgv=2 yu K=9o ;g4kfv=2, y9yslfkfu xyu2 gkjig i'yub=j2÷/ Fu Wg9guyhj
bg5afu=h s5hkyufvgh/
¡™ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥F9ig9=] 6f52x Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7m tg9g3hf9yuh lgtg9, y9;=rbj Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7 fnnfh fu yukfh f9i9jh gtey8a ey7ro, ig9iyuk=h gtey8a thgvg0o÷/
¡£ Tysr=r j9 dgugbgho f9ig9fv Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7, yu K=9o g7x gtey8a 19o fu gtey8a dj4f9o f9i9j s9g7 g9fufnfgh lys wcfn kyugu/ F9e g5kyu f8gu, g9fufnfgh lyso tg9g3hf9o ef9gu/
¡¢ Tg9g3hf9o Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh s9g7 eg969gvgh, yu Fdj;kyrj gtey8a ly8gtgrjh s9g7
=jagh/ &y7z 4gk =jh> ghyhvt= g5ga g7x;jrj tg9g3 f8g0 c=9, y]c gn ghyhvt= fk2 g7x;=r ;jkj onng7/
¡∞ Gtey8a f9i9jh tgif9fro 0g0ifvjh, yu f9ij9o 3gug9fvgu/ F9i9jh gtey8a ey7ro fu ig9iyuk=h thgvg0 0g5f9yuh eyny9 ;kyu8hf9o if9gh/ Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a f8y8 0g5f9yuh s9g7 fu xg4kjh ey7rf9yuh s9g7 y]c t=i ighgcyupjuh thgv/
¡§ Yurkj Wg9guyh 4kg;fnys Tysr=rh yu Glg9yho ighcfv fu orgu>
≥K=9yam 6f9 Grkyu0y7h yu 6fbj x=t tf8ghcfvj/
¡¶ Ljtg i'g8f9rf]t, tjg7h g]7r ghdgt hf9fv=2 7ghvgh2r, fu K=9yam 6f9 Grkyu0y7h pg3gh6fv=]2, y9 tjg7h g7r tglo lf5gvh= jh6t=÷/
¡• Gh Wg9guyhj 2ys=h xyu9r fngu yu K=9ya pg3gh6fv/
¡ª K=9h gn 4gk yuzdjh g9futkfgh lys to
o89ifv, y9 tg9g3hf9o sf9vyuv fu Ig9tj9 0yso 24fv bghyh2> Fdj;kyrj gtey8a ly8gtgrjh s9g7 y]c t=i tg9g3 thgv/
™º Eg7v K=9o ig909gvyuv Wg9guyhj rj9ko, yu gh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o cg96gifv/
$14gwfnj 3gug9
™¡ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥F9ig9=] 6f52x x=;j f9ijh2, y9;=rbj Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh s9g7 3gug9 onng7, 3gug9 tom y9 io 414gwyuj÷/
™™ Tysr=r j9 6f52o f9ig9fv x=;j f9ijh2, yu Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a pgh69 3gug9 f8gu f9f2 19/
™£ Bj9g9 c=jh kfrhf9, fu y]c t=io j9 kf8=h ighdhfvgu f9f2 19> eg7v Jr9g7=nj eyny9 y9xjhf9o ny7r yuh=jh j9fhv ehgiyupjuhhf9yuh t=a/
d
Fe9>m y.s fu y.s
Fe9>m Hg7fv=]2
f
Fe9>m b19guy9
tg9xjix
b
Fe9>m f9fr=h
=
Fe9>m kf8gx9yufvgh
o
Fe9>m xg96yuv
™¢ Wg9guyh Tysr=ro ighcfv fu orgu>
≥Dgv=]2, ;g4kfv=]2 Flysgh> tjg7h 6f9 yc3g9hf9h yu g9ag5hf9o thgh> 6f9 tghyuihf9h gn 6fbj lfk py8 f9pgh÷/
™∞ Tysr=r orgu>
≥:=k2 = y9 xyuh tf9 6f52o bylf9 fu y8agi=bhf9 gn kgr, y9;=rbj K=9yam tf9 Grkyu0y7h tgkyuvghfh2/
™§ Tf9 3g4jh2h gn tfbj lfk ;jkj f9pg7m ghi= iq8gi to cthgnys, y9yslfkfu ghi=] ;=k2 = g5hfh2, K=9om tf9 Grkyug0o ;g4kfnyu lgtg9> cfh2 djkf9 p= jhcy]s ;jkj ;g4kfh2 K=9o, tjhcfu y9 lyh cf9pgh2÷/
™¶ Rgig7h K=9o ig909gvyuv Wg9guyhj rj9ko, fu gh cyubfv bghyh2 g96gifn/
™• Wg9guyh ghy9 orgu>
≥Dhg] 2ys=r> bdyu4gvj]9 xyuh 2fbj, g]n jt f9frr tj] kfrhf9> y9yslfkfu g7h 19om f9e jt f9frr kfrhfr, ;jkj tf5hjr÷/
™ª Tysr=r orgu>
≥Jhc;=r orj9, ghdg]t toh gn 2yu f9frx sf9rkjh ;jkj ckfrhft÷/
Ghx9ghjihf9yu tgl
¡¡
K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Wg9guyhj s9g7 yu Fdj;kyrj s9g7 lg9yug0 toh gn ;jkj ef9ft> ghi= fk2 6fb gri= ;jkj g96gi=,
yu f9e
6fb g96gi=, 6fb gri= gtey]8aysjh ;jkj s5hk=/
™ G7zt 31r=] zy8ysyu9xjh gighahf9yuh, y9;=rbj gt=h tg9x j9 eg9figt=h fu gt=h ijh j9 eg9figtyulj=h g90gp= j9f9 yu yrij= j9f9 3hx9=÷/
£
K=9o 4hy9l2
dkhfn kyugu zy8ysyu9xjhm Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh
gg5afu/ Tysr=r gn 7y7z tf0 tg9x toh =9 Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=am Wg9guyhj 0g5ghf9yuh g5afu fu zy8ysyu9xjh g5afu/
¢ Tysr=r orgu>
≥K=9o rg] io 7g7kg9g9=> œFr i=r dj4f9jh xyu9r ;jkj fnnftm Fdj;kyrj t=akf8o,
∞ yu Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a gt=h ghx9ghji ;jkj tf5hj, j9 dgljh s9g7 egbty8 Wg9guyhj ghx9ghji=h tjhcfu ag8gv2jh fkfuo f8y8 rk9iyuljjh ghx9ghjio, fu ghgryuhhf9yuh eyny9 g5ajhfihf9o/
§ Fdj;kyrj gtey8a f9i9jh t=a tf0 g8g8gi ;jkj onng7, y9yuh htgho y]c f8f9 =, y]c gn ehgu ;jkj onng7/
¶ Eg7v Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh
t1k, y]c t=i 4yuh ;jkj 4g9z= j9 nfbyuhm tg9xyu igt ghgryuhj x=t> y9;=rbj djkhg2 p= K=9o io bgky9y4= Fdj;kgvjhf9h yu Jr9g7=no/
• G7r eyny9 0g5ghf9x jt 2ysr ;jkj jahfh fu jh0j f9i9;gdfhm orfnys> œXyuh yu
e2fbj lfkfuy8mm gtey8a zy8ysyu9xo xy]u9r fn=2�/ Ghi= fk2m xyu9r ;jkj fnnft÷/ Fu
Tysr=r ey9ey2g0 eg9iyupfgte Wg9guyhj 2ys=h xyu9r fngu/
ª K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Wg9guyh 6fbj tkji ;jkj coh=, y9;=rbj jt l9g42hf9r egbtg;gkift Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a÷/
¡º Tysr=r fu Glg9yh g7r eyny9 l9g42hf9o dy90fvjh Wg9guyhj g5afu> eg7v K=9o ig909gvyuv Wg9guyhj rj9ko, yu cg96gifv Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o j9 f9i9=h/
BGKJIO
¡™
K=9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a 31rfvgu Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhjm orfnys>
™
≥G7r gtjro 6fbj lgtg9 gtjrhf9yuh rijbeo onng7/ ^fbj lgtg9m kg9yugh gtjrhf9yuh g5gajho onng7/
£ #1rfv=]2 Jr9g7=nj gtey8a lgtg7h2jhm orfnys> œG7r gtryugh kgrhf9y9x
19om
g
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
e
Fe9>m 2yu yk2jx
ju9g2ghcju9o j9fh dg5 to py8 g5h=
ghglg;fkyupfgh lgtftgk,
g7rjh2h t=i kghm t=i dg5/
¢ Fp=
t=i ohkghj2o wy29gpju = t=i dg5j lgtg9, jh2 fu j9 kgh gtfhgt1k x9gvjh py8 g5hfh
bg7hm gh6f9yuh lgt9gh2jh lgtftgk> dg5jh lgtg9m lg4yufv=]2 ju9g2ghcju9jh if9g0jh lgtftgk/
∞ ^f9 dg5o ghg9gk, g9yu, t=i kg9figh py8 onng7/ Yc3g9hf9=]h igt g70f9=]h g5=2
bg7h/
§ :glfv=]2 bg7h tjhcfu g7r gtryugh kgrhcy99y9x 19o> g;g Jr9g7=nj lgtg3teyug0 gtey8a lgtg7h2o py8 ty9p= bg7h
ej9jiyugh x=tmm/
¶
Ghy9 g9juh=h py8 g5hfh yu 2rfh f9iyu x9ghxjhf9yuh fu sf9j rftjh s9g7
g7h kyuhf9yuhm yu9 bg7h ;jkj yukfh/
• Tjro g7x dj4f9o py8 yukfh> bg7h i9gij s9g7 3y9ysg0m eg8g9ays
yu nf8j 3ykf9ys yukfh/
ª Ghi=m lyut igt ayu9j t=a fwg0 tj] yuk=2, lg;gm i9gij s9g7 3y9ysg0, ghy9 dnyu3h yu pgpf9o, wy9ykj2ys tjgrjh/
¡º Ghi= ycj]hc py8yuv=2 tjhcfu g5kyu> ghi= jhc y9 g5kyuh thg7, i9giy]s g79fv=2/
¡¡ Rg];=r if9=2 bg7h>< 6f9 t=a2o d1kfuy9yug0, i14jihf9om 6f9 yk2f9o, fu dgugbghom 6f9 6f52o onngnys> bg7h gqg;g9gh2y]s if9=2/
¡™ Grjig K=9ya
dBgkjih
=/ G7x dj4f9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h ;jkj ghvhjt, yu Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a ;jkj bg9hft gt=h ghx9ghji, tg9x= tjhcfu ghgryuh/ Fdj;kyrj eyny9
xgrkyug0hf9yuh x=t
fxgkgsqj5 ;jkj g96giftmm> f]r ft K=9o/
¡£ G9juho 6f9
dkhyug0 kyuhf9yuh s9g7 h4ghj lgtg9 ;jkj onng7> g9juho kfrhfnysm 6f9 s9g7=h ;jkj ghvhjt, fu lg9yug0o 6f9 s9g7 ;jkj cdg7m
6fb iyky9fnyu, f9e Fdj;kyrj f9ij9o bg9hft/
¡¢ G7x 19o 6fbj je9 7j4gkgi py8 onng7, yu k1hfv=]2 bg7h K=9ya lgtg9> 7gujkfhgig]h ighyhys to k1hfv=2 bg7h 6f9 rf9yuhxhf9yuh t=a�÷/
EG*G(AGIF(@J K!HO
¡∞≥œF1]po 19 eg8g9a if9=2> g5gajh 19h jri 6f9 kyuhf9=h xy]u9r
blghfv=2 pp3ty9o, y9yslfkfu g5gajh 19=h tjhcfu f1phf9y9x 19om y]s y9 3ty9fgn
lgv yuk=, g7x gh6o Jr9g7=n=h ;jkj ehgahayuj/
¡§ G5gajh 19o ry]u9e zy8ys to dyutg9fv=2, f1phf9y9x 19h gn 6fbj ry]u9e zy8ys to dyutg9fv=2/ G7h
19f9o y]c t=i dy90 o9=2,
egvj gt=h
=t=iyuh yukfnj2=h> bg]7h tjg7h ;gk9grkfv=2/
¡¶ Igkg9fv=]2
oEg8g9agif92j
k1ho, 2ghj y9 g7x hy7h 19o 6f9 b19gegzjhhf9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h lghfvj> yurkj 7gujkfhgigh ighyhys to k1hfv=]2 g7x 19o 6f9 rf9yuhxhf9yuh t=a/
¡•
G5gajh gtryugh kgrhcy99y9x 19yugh j9jiyuh=h tjhcfu gtryugh 2rght=if9y9x 19yugh j9jiyuhom eg8g]9a if9=2/
¡ª F1po 19 6f9 kyuhf9yuh t=a pp3ty9 py8 cdkhyuj>
g
G7rjh2hm lg79f9yu kgh
e
Fe9>m f9iyu j9jiyuhhf9yuh t=akf8
d
Fe9>m wfrg3,
g7rjh2hm ghvhjn
Igtm j43ghhf9yuh
f
Fe9>m xgkgrkgh ;jkj ij9g9ift
b
Fe9>m xgx9fvyuv=2
=
Fe9>m gh6j
o
Fe9>m Eg8g9ahf9yu y9yslfkfu y]s y9 3ty9fgn
lgv yuk=, g7x gh6o Jr9g7=nj lgtg7h2=h ;jkj ehgahayuj, dg8pgigh onng7 p= ehji/
™º #ty9fgn ycj]hc if9=2> eg8g]9a if9=2 6f9 eyny9 ehgig9ghhf9yuh t=a�÷/
G%GAJH BGKJIO
™¡ Tysr=r Jr9g7=nj eyny9 f9=vhf9o ighcfv fu ghyhv orgu>
≥pDgv=]2, g5=]2 6fbj
t=igigh yc3g9m 6f9 df9xgrkghhf9yuh lgtftgk, yu ty9pfv=]2 bgkjio/
™™ G5=]2 by;g7j wyuha to, pgp3fv=]2
bg7h iyh2jh t=a f8y8 g9juhjh t=a, fu iyh2jh t=a f8y8 g9juh=h 2rfv=]2
x9gh sf9j rftjh yu f9iyu x9ghxjhf9yuh s9g7/ Tjhcfu g5kyum 6fbt= y]c t=io j9 kgh x5h=h xyu9r fnn=,
™£ 2ghj y9 K=9o ;jkj ghvhjm Fdj;kgvjhf9o bg9hfnyu lgtg9/ F9e
x9gh sf9j rftjh yu f9iyu x9ghxjhf9yuh s9g7 g9juho kfrh=, K=9o
g7x x9gh s9g7=h ;jkj ghvhj fu ;jkj cpy7ngk9= y9 ehgahay8o 6f9 kyuhf9o tkh=m
6fb bg9hfnyu lgtg9/
™¢ G7r egho ;glfv=]2 je9 7gujkfhgigh ighyhm 2fbj yu 2yu y9xjhf9yux/
™∞ F9e f9pg2 g7h f9ij9o, y9 K=9o 6fbj ;jkj kg7m j9 3yrkyutjh lgtg6g7h, igkg9fv=]2 g7r ;g4k1ho/
™§ F9e 6f9 y9xjhf9o 6fbj orfh> œJ.hc = g7r 6f9
igkg9g0 ;g4k1ho�,
™¶ or=]2> œGrjig K=9ya Bgkjijh bylh =/ Gh Fdj;kyrj t=a Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh kyuhf9yuh s9g7=h ghvgum f9e Fdj;kgvjhf9o bg9igu, fu tf9 kyuhf9o gbgkfv�÷/ Zy8ysyu9xo 3yhg9lfvgu yu f9i9;gdfv/
™• Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o dgvjh fu g7h;=r o9jh> K=9ya Tysr=rj yu Glg9yhj ;gkyuj9g0jh lgtg6g7h o9jh/
GHX(GHJIHF(YU TGLO
™ª I=r dj4f9jhm K=9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a gt=h ghx9ghji bg9igu, j9 dgljh s9g7 egbty8 Wg9guyhj ghx9ghji=h tjhcfu eghkjh t=a f8y8 df9jjh ghx9ghjio, fu gt=h ghgryuhj g5ajhfio/
£º Wg9guyh dj4f9yugh t=a fngu, jh2 yu j9 eyny9 0g5ghf9o fu eyny9 Fdj;kgvjhf9o> Fdj;kyrj t=a tf0 g8g8gi to f8gu, 2ghj y9 ky]uh to cig9m yu9 tf5fn conng9/
£¡ Dj4f9yugh t=a Tysr=rh yu Glg9yho ighcfv fu orgu>
≥Ighdhfv=]2, xy]u9r fn=2 jt zy8ysyu9xjr t=a=h, p=] xy]u2 fu p= Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o/ Dgv=]2, ;g4kfv=]2 Flysghm jhc;=r orj2/
£™ Hgfu g5=]2 6f9 yc3g9hf9h yu g9ag5hf9o, jhc;=r orj2, fu dgv=]2, yu bj]r gn 19lhfv=2÷/
££ Fdj;kgvjhf9o e5hgxgkfvjh zy8ysyu9xom y9;=rbj 4yukys
g7x
f9i9=h xyu9r 89ifh bghyh2, 2ghj y9 i'or=jh>
≥Eyny9r gn ;jkj tf5hjh2÷/
£¢ Yurkj zy8ysyu9xo g5gu j9
3ty9j bghdyug0om 3ty9yufn=h g5ga, fu j9fhv yurf9yuh s9g7
sf9vyuvjh j9fhv kg4kf9o,
y9 j9fhv lghxf96hf9yuh t=a wgppyug0 =jh/
£∞ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o Tysr=rj 31r2jh lgtg6g7h o9jh, yu Fdj;kgvjhf9=h g90gp= j9f9, yrij= j9f9 fu lghxf96hf9 3hx9fvjh/
£§ K=9o zy8ysyu9xjh 4hy9l2
dkhfn kyugu Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh
zg5afu, g7h;=r y9 j9fhv 3hx9g0o kyujh, fu j9fh2 iy8y;kfvjh Fdj;kgvjhf9o/
JR(G&FNGVJHF(O IO LF%GHGH FDJ:KYR+H
£¶ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o %gtr=r= tfihfvgh x=;j Ryi2ysp/ Tghyuihf9=h bgkm sfv
p
Fe9>m @g4yufv=]2
z
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
lg9ju9 lgbg9j cgw lfkfugi
jg79 tg9xjimm =jh/
£• Ghyhv lfk 3g5h egbtyupjuh toh gn eg969gvgu, hgfu yc3g9hf9 fu g9ag5hf9 < 7y7z tf0 3g4jh2/
£ª Fdj;kyr=h j9fhv lghg0
3ty9j bghdyug0=h gh3ty9 41pf9 fwfvjh, 2ghj y9 3ty9fgn c=9/ G9xg9fu Fdj;kyr=h s5hkyufvgh, yu c=jh i9hg9 khkhgn> j9fhv ;g4g9 gn ;gk9grkg0 c=jh/
¢º Fdj;kyrj t=a Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh ehgig0 zgtghgiom cy9r lg9ju9 f9fryuh kg9j =9/
¢¡ Cy9r lg9ju9 f9fryuh kg9jhf9yu sg3qghjh, g7x hy7h 19o K=9ya eyny9 b192f9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h xyu9r fngh/
¢™ Grjig 7j4gkgiyufnyu dj4f9 toh = K=9ya lgtg9, y9yslfkfu bghyh2 Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h xyu9r lghfv/ G]7r = K=9ya g7h dj4f9o, y9 7j4gkgiyufnyu = Jr9g7=nj eyny9 y9xjhf9=hm j9fhv rf9yuhxhf9yuh t=a/
BGKJIJ IG(DGX(YUPJUHO
¢£ K=9o Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhj orgu>
≥Glg]ugrji bgkjijh ighyho/ Y]c t=i 1kg9gbdj ghi= ;jkj yuk=>
¢¢ eg7v gt=h tg9xyu rk9yuiom y9 x9gtys dhyug0 =, f9e bg7h pnwgkfrm ghi= py8 yuk=/
¢∞ Lju9h yu sg96igho ghi= ;jkj cyukfh/
¢§ Gh t=i kgh t=a ;jkj yukyuj> kyuh=h xyu9r ;jkj clghfr g7x tjr=h, y]c gn ghy9 t=i yriy9o ;jkj iyk9=2/
¢¶ Jr9g7=nj gtey8a lgtg7h2o py8 igkg9= bg7h/
¢• F9e dg8pgigh to 2ysx ;ghx3kghg7 fu yub= K=9ya Bgkji igkg9fn, ghy9 eyny9 g9yuhf9o py8 pnwgkyujh> g]7h gkfh py8 t1kfhg7 yu bg7h igkg9= < fu jh2 ehjijh ;=r ;jkj onng7 <, 2ghj y9 y]c t=i ghpnwgk ghi= ;jkj yuk=/
¢ª T=]i 19=h2 ;jkj onng7 ehjijh yu 6f9 t=a ;ghx3kgvg0 dg8pgighjh lgtg9÷/
∞º Jr9g7=nj eyny9 y9xjhf9o g7h;=r o9jh> K=9ya Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhj ;gkyuj9g0jh lgtg6g7h o9jh/
∞¡ G7x hy7h 19o K=9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h lghfv Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9om j9fhv b19gegzjhhf9ys/
GHX(GHJIHF(YU HYUJ(YUTO
¡£
K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rjm orfnys>
™
≥R9egvy]u9 jh0j gt=h ghx9ghji, Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh t=a gt=h g9dghx egvy8, p=] tg9x fu p= ghgryuh> gh jtr =÷/
EG*G(AGIF(@J K!HO
£ Tysr=r zy8ysyu9xjh orgu>
≥&j4fv=]2 g7r 19o, f9e Fdj;kyr=hm
grk9iyupfgh kyuh=hm fng2, y9yslfkfu K=9o yuzf8 6f52ys 6fb gri= lghfv> 3ty9fgn
lgv tj] yuk=2/
¢ Xyu2 g7r19 xyu9r fng2, G;j; gtryugh t=a/
∞ F9e K=9o 2fb kghj @ghghgvjhf9yuh, @fkgvjhf9yuh, Gty9lgvjhf9yuh, #fugvjhf9yuh fu &feyurgvjhf9yuh f9ij9o, y9yuh lgtg9 2yu lg79f9yux f9xyut o9gum 2fbj kgnyu < igp yu tf89 lyrfvhy8 f9ij9o <, g]7r gtryugh t=a igkg9= g7r ;g4k1ho/
§ F1]po 19 eg8g9a if9, fu f1phf9y9x 19o k1h onng7 K=9ya/
¶
G7x f1po 19f9yuh t=a eg8g9a py8 yukyuj, yu 2ysx 3ty9fgn
lgv py8 ckfrhyuj, y]c gn 2ysx pp3ty9 py8 kfrhyuj gtey8a ly8gtgrjx t=a/
• G7h 19o ;gkt=] 2yu y9xjjxm orfnys> œGrjig
7j4fnyu lgtg9 = j]hc y9 K=9o o9gu jh0jm f9e Fdj;kyr=h fng7�/
ª Grjig 2fbj je9 h4gh ;jkj onng7 6f52jx s9g7 fu je9 7j4gkgi gc2f9yux t=akf8, y9;=rbj K=9ya 19=h2o 2yu ef9ghjx t=a onng7> y9yslfkfu K=9o
j
Fe9>m b19guy9
tg9xji
g
Fe9>m rk9yuihf9yu yuzf8 6f52ys 2fb Fdj;kyr=h lghfv/
¡º Yurkj ;gl=] g7r ighyho
egt=h kg9jmm, j9
rgltghyug0 gkfhjh÷/
GHX(GHJIO
¡¡
≥F9e K=9o 2fb kghj @ghghgvjhf9yuh f9ij9o,< jhc;=r 2fbj yu 2yu lg79f9yux f9xyut o9gum y9 bg7h 2fbj kg7,<
¡™ K=9ya lgtg9 bgk=] gt=h g9dghx egvy8, fu 2yu yuhfvg0 ghgryuhjx gt=h g5ajhfi g9yuh K=9ya onng7/
¡£ J4yu gt=h g5ajhfio dg5y]s to w9i=> fp= cw9ifr, ghy9 0y09g]io iyk9=/ @yu y9xjhf9yux t=am tg9xyv gt=h ghx9ghjio
dw9i=]/
¡¢ F9e 2yu y9xjx
xsg8o 2fbj lg9vh=> œJ.hc = g7r�, ghy9 or=> œK=9o tfb Fdj;kyr=hm rk9iyupfgh kyuh=hm yuzf8 6f52ys lghfv/
¡∞ F9e Wg9guyh 3rkgvgu
yu cyubfv tfb g96gifn, K=9o Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a tf5vyuv gt=h ghx9ghji, tg9xyu ghx9ghji=h tjhcfu ghgryuhj g5ajhfio> yurkj fr gt=h g9dghx egvy8 g9yuh K=9ya io bylft, jri jt y9xjhf9yur gt=h ghx9ghjio io w9ift�/
¡§
Grjig je9 h4gh ;jkj onng7 6f52jx s9g7 fu je9 qgigkghyv gc2f9yux t=akf8, y9yslfkfu K=9o yuzf8 6f52ys tfb Fdj;kyr=h lghfv÷/
GT:J RJUHO FU I(GIJ RJUHO
¡¶ F9e Wg9guyh zy8ysyu9xo g96gifv, Grkyug0 bghyh2 W84kgvjhf9yu f9i9jh qgteg7=h cg5gahy9xfv, p=;=k g7x qgtegh t1k =9, 2ghj y9 Grkyug0 orgu>
≥Zy8ysyu9xo py8 cl9gzg9jm f9e ;gkf9gbto kfrh=, yu Fdj;kyr sf9gxg5hg7÷/
¡•
Lg;g Grkyug0 zy8ysyu9xo Ig9tj9 0ysyuh ghg;gkjh qgteg7=h xg5hgn kyugu, yu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o
fdyuhx-dyuhx Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h eg969gvgh/
¡ª Tysr=r &ysr=wj yriy9hf9o j9fh lfk g5gu, y9yslfkfu gh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh lgrkgk f9xyut ohfn kyuf9 =9m orfnys>
≥Grkyug0
gh4y]u4k 6fbj ;jkj g7vfn=> yurkj jt yriy9hf9r 6fbj lfk lghfv=]2 gri=÷/
™º Ryi2ysp= tfihfvgh fu Ypytj t=am ghg;gkjh 0g79o eghgifvgh/
™¡ K=9o ghyhv g5afu=h i'f9pg9, vf9fio gt;j rjuhysm qgtegh bghyh2 g5gahy9xfnyu lgtg9, jri dj4f9o i9gij rjuhysm bghyh2 nyurguy9fnyu lgtg9, y9;=rbj vf9fi yu dj4f9 f9pgh/
™™ Vf9fio gt;j rjuho clf5gvyuv zy8ysyu9xjh g5afu=h, y]c gn dj4f9om i9gij rjuho/
IG(TJ( )YS+H GHV@O
¡¢
K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rjm orfnys>
™
≥#1r=] Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh, y9 xg5hgh yu Wjg7j9ypj g5afum Tgdxy8j fu 0ysyuh t=akf8 eghgijh> Eglg8-Rfwyhj g5afu, ghy9 xjtgvom 0ysyuh 2ys eghgifv=2/
£ Wg9guyh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh lgtg9 ;jkj or=>
e
Fe9>m 19f9= 19f9
d
G7rjh2hm w9ig]h2 sqg9=
G7rjh2hm 19 to
f
Igtm r;g5gbjhfgn
œF9i9jh t=a
gtyny9g0 fh, ghg;gko bghyh2 49agwgig0 =�/
¢ Wg9guyhj rj9ko
;jkj ig909gvhft, yu bghyh2 ;jkj lfkg;hx=> jri fr Wg9guyhj s9g7 fu ghy9 eyny9
eb19gdyuhxf9yuh s9g7 ;jkj wg5guy9yujt, yu Fdj;kgvjhf9o ;jkj djkhgh p= f]r ft K=9o÷/ Ghyh2 gn g7x;=r o9jh/
∞ Fdj;kyrj pgdguy9jh ;gktyufvgu p= zy8ysyu9xo wg3gu/ Wg9guyhj fu ghy9 0g5ghf9yuh rj9ko wy3yufvgu zy8ysyu9xjh lghx=;, yu orjh>
≥Tfh2 jhcy.u o9jh2 g7r egho, fu g96gifvjh2 Jr9g7=nom y9 tfbj c0g5g7=÷/
§ Yurkj Wg9guyh j9 ig52o n0fv fu j9 zy8ysyu9xo j9fh lfk g5gu/
¶ Sfv lg9ju9 ohkj9 ig52f9 g5gu, hgfu Fdj;kyrj eyny9 ig52f9o, yu b19gsg9hf9m ghyhvt= gt=h
t=iyuh t=a/
• K=9o Fdj;kyrj Wg9guyh pgdguy9jh rj9ko ig909gvyuv, fu gh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o lfkg;hxfv/ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o eg969gvg0 6f52ys xyu9r fngh,
ª eg7v Fdj;kgvjhf9o,< Wg9guyhj eyny9 6jf9o
fu ig52f9o, ghy9 6jguy9hf9h yu b19gdyuhxf9o,< bghyh2 lfkg;hxfvjh fu lgrgh ghyhvm f9e eghgig0 =jh 0ysyuh t1km Wjg7j9ypj 2ys, Eglg8-Rfwyhj g5afu/
¡º F9e Wg9guyh t1kfvgu, Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o j9fhv gc2f9o sf9vyuvjh, fu glg] Fdj;kgvjhf9o j9fhv fkfu=h iyu dg7jh/ Cgwgbghv sg3hgnysm Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o g8g8gifvjh K=9ya,
¡¡ fu orjh Tysr=rj>
≥Fdj;kyrj t=a df9fbtghhf9 conngny.uh lgtg9 tfb ghg;gkjh t=a tf5hfnyu ef9j9> g7r j.hc = y9 tfbj o9j9m tfb Fdj;kyr=h lghfnys/
¡™ G7r c=.9 g7h 31r2o, y9 2fbj orjh2 Fdj;kyrj t=a> œPy]8 tfb, y9 Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh 0g5g7fh2> 2ghj y9 gufnj ngu = tfbj Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh 0g5g7fn, 2gh ghg;gkjh t=a tf5hjn�÷/
¡£ Jri Tysr=r zy8ysyu9xjh orgu>
≥Tj] sg3hg]2, ig7hfv=]2 yu kfr=]2 K=9ya w9iyupjuhom y9 g7r19 ;jkj j9gdy90= 6fbj lgtg9> y9yslfkfu g7r19 6f9 kfrg0 Fdj;kgvjhf9om g]n f9ef2 sf9rkjh ;jkj ckfrh=2/
¡¢ K=]9o ;jkj ;gkf9gbtj 6fbj lgtg9> xyu2 n5fv=]2÷/
¡∞ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Jhcy.u jh0j i'g8g8gifr> or=] Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuhm y9 tfihjh/
¡§ Fu xyuh sf9vy]u9 dgugbghx, f9ig9=] 6f52x 0ysyuh s9g7 yu qf82=] bg7h, y9;=rbj Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o 0ysyuh t=akf8om vgtg2j s9g7=h f9pgh/
¡¶ Glg] Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh rj9ko ;jkj ig909gvhft, fu ghyhv fkfu=h ;jkj tkhfh, yu fr ;jkj wg5guy9yujt Wg9guyhj fu ghy9 eyny9 b19gdyuhxf9yuh s9g7, ghy9 ig52f9yuh yu 6jguy9hf9yuh s9g7/
¡• F9e wg5guy9yujt Wg9guyhj, ghy9 ig52f9yuh fu 6jguy9hf9yuh s9g7, Fdj;kgvjhf9o ;jkj djkhgh p= f]r ft K=9o÷/
¡ª Grkyu0y7 l9f4kgio, y9 Jr9g7=nj eghgijh g5afu=h i'f9pg9, tfihfvgu fu ghyhv fkfuo dhgv/ Gt;j rjuhh gn ghyhv g5afu=h tfihfvgu yu ghyhv fkfuo ig7hfvgu>
™º
Fdj;kgvjhf9yu eghgijh fu Jr9g7=nj eghgijh t=akf8 figu, yurkj gt; yu 3gug9 f8gu
Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh, eg7v dj4f9o io nyurguy9=9
Jr9g7fngvjhf9o> gtey8a dj4f9o j9g9yu ct1kfvgh/
™¡ Tysr=r j9 6f52o f9ig9fv 0ysyuh s9g7, yu K=9om g9fufnfgh rgrkji lysys tom
0yso
dfk t8fvmm gtey8a dj4f9o> 0yso vgt2fvgu, ayu9f9o qf82yufvgh,
™™ fu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o 0ysyuh t=akf8om vgtg2j s9g7=h dgvjh/ Ayu9f9o ghyhv ;g9jr; f8ghm j9fhv ga iy8t=h yu 6g3 iy8t=h/
™£ Fdj;kgvjhf9o
bghyh2 lfkg;hxfvjh, fu Wg9guyhj eyny9 6jf9o, ig52f9h yu 6jguy9hf9o ghyhv fkfu=h tkgh
tjhcfu 0ysyuh t=akf8o/
™¢ G5kyugh ;glyuh K=9o
g
Igtm 4wypg0
e
Fe9>m bjhfgn y7zf9yuh
d
Fe9>m kg9gu Fdj;kgvjhf9yu eghgijh hg7fvgu i9gij fu gt;j rjuh=h, yu Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh eghgio 3yuqg;j tgkhfv/
™∞ Ghyhv ig52f9yuh ghjuhf9o lghfv, y9;=rbj bghyh2 xzyug9yupfgte sg9fh/ Yurkj Fdj;kgvjhf9o orjh>
≥Wg3cj]h2 Jr9g7=nj g5afu=h, y9yslfkfu
glg] Flysg]h Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh x=t io ;gkf9gbtjm ghyhv lgtg9÷/
™§ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥F9ig9=] 6f52x 0ysyuh s9g7, y9;=rbj ayu9f9o Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh s9g7, ghyhv ig52f9yuh yu 6jguy9hf9yuh s9g7 sf9gxg5hgh÷/
™¶
Tysr=r j9 6f52o f9ig9fv 0ysyuh s9g7, fu g5kyugh x=t 0yso j9
xkf8o sf9gxg96gu/ Fdj;kgvjhf9o ghy9 g5afu=h wg3gh, yu K=9o p1pyufv Fdj;kgvjhf9o 0ysyuh t=akf8o/
™• Ayu9f9o sf9gxg96gh fu 0g0ifvjh Wg9guyhj ig52f9o, 6jguy9hf9h yu eyny9 b19gdyuhxf9om y9 ghyhv fkfu=h 0ysyuh t=a tkg0 =jh> ghyhvt= y]c t=io thgv/
™ª Eg7v Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o 0ysyuh t=akf8om vgtg2j s9g7=h dgvjh, fu ayu9f9o ghyhv ;g9jr; f8ghm j9fhv ga iy8t=h yu 6g3 iy8t=h/
£º K=9o g7x 19o gbgkfv Jr9g7=no Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh 6f52=h/ Jr9g7=n tf5g0 kfrgu Fdj;kgvjhf9om 0ysyuh fbf92o/
£¡
Jr9g7=n kfrgu g7h tf0
fdy90om y9 K=9o o9gu Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh s9g7/ Zy8ysyu9xo sg3vgu K=9yat=h, yu lgugkgv K=9ya fu ghy9 0g5g7jhm Tysr=rj/
TYSR+RJ F(DO
¡∞
G7h gkfh Tysr=r yu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o rg] f9do f9dfvjh K=9yam orfnys>
≥:jkj f9dft K=9ya, 2ghj y9 tf0g;=r eg969gvgu>
^jh fu ghy9 lf0fgno 0yso hfkfv/
™
gK=]9h = jt b19yupjuhr yu rg8tyrr, Fu jt w9iyupjuhr f8gu> G]h = jt Grkyug0r, yu ;jkj wg5guy9ft bg7h> Jt l19r Grkyug0h =, fu ;jkj eg969gvhft bg7h/
£
K=9o
lb19 ;gkf9gbtji => Ghy9 ghyuho Flysg =/
¢
Wg9guyhj ig52f9h yu ghy9 b19gdyuhxf9o 0yso hfkfv, Fu ghy9 ohkj9 b19gsg9hf9o Ig9tj9 0ysyuh t=a t39qyufvgh/
∞
Ghxyuhxhf9o 0g0ifvjh bghyh2> @g9j ;=r 3y9yuhio jagh/
§
@yu ga 6f52x, y]s K=9, sflgwg5 = y7zys> @yu ga 6f52x, y]s K=9, ag3ag3fv p4hgtjh/
¶
@yu tf0gwg5yupfghx qy3yupfgte kg;gnfvj9 2fbj x=t ighdhy8hf9o, @yu ey9ey2yutx 89ifvj9,
yu bghyh2 3ybghj ;=r r;g5fv/
•
@yu 5yuhdf9yux
e4yuhcysm ayu9f9o xjbyufvgh,
d&y96gh2hf9o ig9ig5j ;=r ig7hfvgh,
Fe9>m kyiyuhyupfgh
f
Fe9>m 6f52o
g
Fe9>m Fg]lh
e
Fe9>m ydjys
d
Fe9>m Lyrgh2hf9o
)ysyuh rj9kjh t=a ghxyuhxhf9o rg5fvgh/
ª
P4hgtjh i'or=9> œ:jkj lfkg;hxft, ;jkj lgrhjt, Gug9o ;jkj egzhft, Jt gh6r ghyhvt= ;jkj i4kghg7> Jt ryu9r ;jkj 2g4ft, Jt 6f52r bghyh2 ;jkj skg9=�/
¡º@yu lysx wcfvj9, 0yso bghyh2 0g0ifv>
xB19guy9 ayu9f9yuh t=a ig;g9j ;=r ohi8tfvgh/
¡¡
Y]s K=9, grkyug0hf9yuh t=a 2fbj htgh y.s ig7/
fR9eyupfgh t=a sflgwg5, dysgeghyupfgh t=a glf8, R2ghcfnj2hf9 ohy8m y.s ig7 2fbj htgh/
¡™@yu ga 6f52x f9ig9fvj9, F9ij9o bghyh2 innfv/
¡£@yu ig9fivyupfgtex g5gahy9xfvj9 g7r zy8ysyu9xom y9 xyuh w9ifvj9> @yu b19yupfgtex kg9j9
bg7h 2yu ryu9e ehgiyupjuhx/
¡¢Zy8ysyu9xhf9o ;jkj nrfh
yu rgrghjh> Rg9rgwo ;jkj lgtgi=
bW84kgvjhf9yu f9i9jhmm ehgijchf9o/
¡∞G7h gkfh Fxystj ;fkf9o ;jkj ryrigh, Xy8o ;jkj lgtgi= Tysgej b19guy9hf9o> @ghghj eyny9 ehgijchf9o ;jkj lgnjh/
¡§Ghyhv s9g7 gl yu f9iju8 ;jkj j7hgh> @yu egbyuijx tf0yupfh=hm 2g9j ;=r nyu5 ;jkj ifhgh, Tjhcfu y9 2yu zy8ysyu9xx ghvhj, y]s K=9, Tjhcfu y9 ghvhj g7r zy8ysyu9xom y9 xyuh rkgvg9/
¡¶:jkj ef9fr bghyh2 fu 2yu zg5ghdyupfghx nf5o ;jkj khifr bghyh2, Y]s K=9, g7h sg79om
y9 2yu ehgiyupfghx lgtg9 ;gk9grkfvj9, Y]s K=9, g7h r9eg9ghjh t=am
y9 2yu 6f52f9x lgrkgkfvjh/
¡•K=9o ;jkj pgdguy9=
=xg9= xg9mm÷/
¡ª G9xg9fu Wg9guyhj 6jf9o 0yso tkghm j9 ig52f9ys yu 6jguy9hf9ys, fu K=9o 0ysyuh ayu9f9o ghyhv s9g7 sf9gxg96yuv> eg7v Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o 0ysyuh t=akf8=h vgtg2ys dgvjh/
TG(JGTJ F(DO
™º Glg9yhj 2y79om Tg9jgt tg9dg9=yuljhm pteyuio j9 6f52o g5gu, fu eyny9 ijhf9o
ghy9 fkfu=h xyu9r fnghm pteyuihf9ys yu ;g9f9ys/
™¡ Tg9jgt ;gkgr3ghfv ghyhv>
≥F9dfv=]2 K=9ya, 2ghj y9 tf0g;=r eg969gvgu> ^jh fu ghy9 lf0fgno 0yso hfkfv÷/
Fe9>m Ly7gig;
f
Igtm Ryu9ef9yuh
b
Fe9>m :g8frkjhj
=
Fe9>m 7gujkfhgighyupfh= 7gujkfhgighyupjuh
XG%H AYU(F(O
™™ Tysr=r Ig9tj9 0ys=h qgteg7 lghfv Jr9g7=no, yu xyu9r fngh x=;j Ryu9j ghg;gko/ F9f2 19yugh qgteg7 dgvjh ghg;gkjh t=a, eg7v ayu9 cdkgh/
™£ F9e Tg9g lgrgh, c=jh i9hg9 3tfn Tg9g7j ayu9f9=h, y9yslfkfu xg5h =jh> yurkj ghy9 ghyuho
oTg9g iycyufvgu/
™¢ Zy8ysyu9xo k9khafv Tysr=rj x=tm orfnys>
≥J.hc ;jkj 3tfh2÷/
™∞ Gh gn K=9ya g8g8gifv, fu K=9o ghy9 wg7k to vyuvyuv> f9e
bg7h
ayu9f9yuh t=a hfkfvm ayu9f9o
pghyu4vgh/ Lyh ighyh yu
zxgkgsqj5 x9gu ghyhv, fu lyh wy96g9ifv bghyh2/
™§
Gh orgu>
≥Fp= K=9yam 2yu Grkyu0y7x 31r2o
yu4gx9yupfgte
tkji ohfr, jhc y9 ghy9
jg5afu yu8j8 =m ohfr, ghy9 ;gkyuj9ghhf9o yuhihx9fr fu ghy9 eyny9 ighyhhf9o ;glfr, g7h ljughxyupjuhhf9=h y]c t=io 2yu s9gx ;jkj ef9ft, y9 Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh s9g7 ef9j> y9yslfkfu f]r ft K=9om y9 2fb io eyuzft÷/
™¶ &fky7 lgrgh F8jt, yu9 kgrhf9iyu ayu9j g8eju9 yu f1pghgryuh g9tgufhj ig9/ Ly]h eghgifvghm ayu9f9yuh 2ys/
TGHGHGH FU NY(GTG(DJHF(O
¡§
&fky7 F8jt= tfihfvgh, fu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh gtey8a lgtg7h2o lgrgu Rjhj ghg;gko, y9 F8jtj yu Rjhg7j t=akf8h =, j9fhv Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h fn2jh f9i9y9x gtryugh kgrhljhdf9y9x 19o/
™ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh gtey8a lgtg7h2om ghg;gkjh t=a Tysr=rj fu Glg9yhj x=t k9khafv/
£ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o orjh ghyhv>
≥F9ghj? p= K=9ya 6f52ys tf5g0 onng7jh2 Fdj;kyrj t=a, f9e tjrj igprghf9yuh 2ys hrkg0 =jh2
yu iyu4k lgv i'yuk=jh2> g9xg9fu tfb g7r ghg;gko lghfvj2, y9 g7r gtey8a lgtg3teyuto gh1pyupfh= tf5vh=2÷/
¢ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Glg] fr 6fbj f9ijh2=h lgv ;jkj kf8gvhft, yu zy8ysyu9xo
xyu9r ;jkj fnn= fu
g19= 19mm zy8s= gt=h19fg7 2ghgio, y9;=rbj wy96g9ift bg7h p= jt 19=h2jr lgtg6g7h ;jkj ohpghg]7m p= yc/
∞ Jri sfvf9y9x 19o, f9e j9fhv ef9g0o ;gk9grkfh, gh j9fhv gt=h 19yugh zy8sg0jh i9ijho ;jkj onng7÷/
§ Tysr=r yu Glg9yh orjh Jr9g7=nj eyny9 y9xjhf9yuh>
≥G7r j9jiyuh ;jkj djkhg2 p= Flysg]h = 6fb Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h lghy8o,
¶ fu g5kyuh ;jkj kfrh=2 K=9ya wg52o> y9yslfkfu jh2 nrfv K=9ya x=t 6f9
o9g0 k9kyuhao, yu tfh2 y.s fh2m y9 tfbj x=t io k9kha=2÷/
• Tysr=r orgu>
≥F9e K=9o 6fbj j9jiyuhom yukfnyu tjr, fu g5kyuhm i4kghgnyu cgw lgv kg7,
;jkj djkhg2 p= K=9o nrg0 = j9fh x=t 6f9 o9g0 k9kyuhao/ Tfh2 y.s fh2> 6f9 k9kyuhao tfbj x=t c=, lg;gm K=9ya x=t÷/
ª Tysr=r Glg9yhj orgu>
≥Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh gtey]8a lgtg7h2jh or=> œT1kfv=]2 K=9ya g5afu, y9yslfkfu 6f9 k9kyuhao nrfv�÷/
¡º F9e Glg9yh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh gtey8a lgtg7h2jh io 31r=9, ghyh2 x=;j
o
G7rjh2hm xg5hyupjuh
p
Fe9>m 2g8v9gvgh
z
Igtm rysy9yupjuh
j
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
g
Fe9>m gt=h 19 ghg;gko hg7fvgh fu glg] K=9ya wg52o gt;jh t=a f9fuvgu/
¡¡ K=9o 31rfvgu Tysr=rjm orfnys>
≥Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh k9kyuhao nrfvj> 31r=] ghyhv fu or=]>
¡™
œJ9jiyugh x=t tjr ;jkj yuk=2, yu g5kyuhm lgvys ;jkj i4kghg2, fu ;jkj djkhg2 p= f]r ft Flysghm 6f9 Grkyug0o�÷/
¡£ J9jiyuhom ny9gtg9djhf9 eg969gvgh yu eghgigsg79o 0g0ifvjh, jri g5kyuhm v18 jagu eghgigsg79jh 4yu9ao/
¡¢ F9e jag0 v18o sf9vgu, glg] ghg;gkjh tgif9frjh s9g7 tgh9, pfwg6fu egh to ig9 dfkjhjh s9g7, f8fgtj ;=r tgh9/
¡∞ F9e Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o kfrghm j9g9yu orjh>
≥eJ.hc = g7rmm÷, 2ghj y9 j]hc onngno c=jh djkf9/ Tysr=r ghyhv orgu>
≥G]7r = g7h lgvo, y9 K=9o 6fbj kyugum yukfnyu/
¡§
Glg]ugrji jhc y9 K=9o ;gkyuj9fv>< œZy8sfv=]2 ghi=m ju9g2ghcju9x j9 if9g0jh cgw,
tg9x dnyu3 t=igigh 1t=9, 6f9 gh6f9yuh pjujh lgtftgk> g5=]2 ju9g2ghcju9x j9 s9ghjh t=a f8y8hf9yuh lgtg9�÷/
¡¶ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9h gn g7h;=r o9jh fu zy8sfvjh, ytgh2m 4gk, ytgh2m 2jc/
¡• F9e 1t=9ys io cgw=jh, 4gk yuhfvy8jho cgufnvgu yu 2jc yuhfvy8jho c;girfvgu> ju9g2ghcju9o j9 if9g0jh cgw zy8sfv/
¡ª
Tysr=r ghyhv orgu>
≥Y]c t=io ghi= py8
d;gl= tjhcfu g5kyu÷/
™º Rgig7h Tysr=rj tkji co9jh> lg;g ytgh2 py8yuvjh ghi= tjhcfu g5kyu, eg7v y9xhykfvgu fu dg94glyk f8gu, yu Tysr=r bg79gvgu ghyhv x=t/
™¡ Gt=h g5kyu io zy8s=jh ghi=, ju9g2ghcju9o j9 if9g0jh cgw> f9e g9fuo kg2hg9m io lgn=9/
™™ Sfvf9y9x 19o i9ihg;gkji lgv zy8sfvjh,
g7rjh2hm gt=h t=iyuh lgtg9 f9iyu 1t=9, fu lgtg7h2jh eyny9 j43ghhf9o figh yu ;gktfvjh Tysr=rj/
™£ Gh gn j9fhv orgu>
≥Glg]ugrji K=9ya org0o> œSg8o lghdjrkj
19h =, K=9ya ryu9e $gegpo/ Yu9fth jhc y9 ;jkj fw=2m fwfv=]2, jhc y9 ;jkj 3g4=2m 3g4fv=]2> jri jhc y9 i'gufnhg7m ;glfrkj] x9=2 6fbj lgtg9, y9 tjhcfu g5kyu ;glyuj�÷/
™¢ Bg7h tjhcfu g5kyu ;glfrkj x9jhm jhc;=r Tysr=r ;gkyuj9f9 =9, fu y]c dg94glyk f8gu, y]c gn ghy9 t=a y9fu= y9x f8gu/
™∞ Tysr=r orgu>
≥ G]7r19 if9=2 bg7h, y9yslfkfu g7r19 K=9ya $gegph => g7r19 xg4kjh t=a ghi= ;jkj cdkh=2/
™§ Sfv 19 ;jkj zy8s=2 bg7h> eg7v f1phf9y9x 19om y9 $gegp =m ;jkj conng7÷/
™¶ Rgig7h f1phf9y9x 19om zy8ysyu9x=h ytgh2 xyu9r fngh, y9;=rbj zy8sfh> eg7v cdkgh/
™• Yurkj K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Tjhcfu f.9e ;jkj tf9z=2 ;glfn jt ;gkyuj9ghhf9r yu 19=h2hf9r/
™ª Hg7fv=]2, 2ghj y9 K=9o $gegpo kyugu 6fbj, lfkfugeg9 sfvf9y9x 19o f9iyu 19yugh lgv iyu kg7 6fbj/ Ju9g2ghcju9x j9 kf8o py8 ifhg7> y]c t=io j9 kf8=h xyu9r fnn= f1phf9y9x 19o÷/
£º Yurkj zy8ysyu9xo lghdrkgvgu f1phf9y9x 19o/
£¡ Jr9g7=nj
xy9xjhf9o ghy9 ghyuho
ftghghg7 iycfvjh> gh djh6j rf9tj ;=r =9, qf9tgi, fu ghy9 lgtom tf89ys
4jhyug0 dgpg7j ;=r/
£™ Tysr=r orgu>
≥Glg]ugrji jhc y9 K=9o ;gkyuj9fv>< œNfvyuv=]2 ghi= 1t=9 tom y9 ;glyuj 6f9 rf9yuhxhf9yuh lgtg9> y9;=rbj ghyh2 kfrhfh g7h lgvom y9 6fbj if9vyuvj ghg;gkjh t=a, f9e 6fb Fdj;kyrj f9i9=h lghfvj�÷/
££ Tysr=r Glg9yhj orgu>
≥Rgwy]9 to g5, ghy9 t=a xj]9 1t=9 to nfvyuh tghghg7, fu bg7h K=9y]a g5afu bfkf8=m 6f9 rf9yuhxhf9yuh t=a ;glyufnyu lgtg9÷/
£¢ Jhc;=r K=9o Tysr=rj ;gkyuj9fv,
e
Fe9>m Tgh lyu
"y9t= iyu dg7
tghghg7 eg5o}
d
Fe9>m py8yu
Fe9>m kyuho
f
Fe9>m tgh g7h;=r Glg9yh Sig7yupfgh g5afu bfkf8fv bg7hm y9;=rbj ;glyuj/
£∞ Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o 2g5gryuh kg9j if9gh tghghgh, tjhcfu y9 ehgiyug0 f9ij9 lgrgh/ Tghghgh if9gh, tjhcfu y9 @ghghj f9i9jh
brgltgho lgrgh/
£§ !t=9o g9xyujh t=i kgrhf9y9xh =/
AYU(m G:G%GZ+H "Pju> ™º> ¡-¡£}
¡¶
Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh gtey8a lgtg7h2o Rjhj ghg;gk=h tfihfvgum j9 jafughhf9yuh lgtftgk, K=9ya
gl9gtghjh lgtg6g7h, yu %gwjxjtj t=a eghgifvgu> eg7v zy8ysyu9xjh lgtg9 3tfnyu ayu9 cig9/
™ Yurkj zy8ysyu9xo Tysr=rj lfk sjqfvgu fu orgu>
≥Tfbj ay]u9 kyu9m y9 3tfh2÷/ Tysr=r ghyhv orgu>
≥Jhcy.u jh0j lfk io sjqj2> jhcy.u K=9o io wy96=2÷/
£ Zy8ysyu9xo lyh
e0g9guvgu> yu zy8ysyu9xo
Tysr=rj x=t k9khafvm orfnys>
≥Jhcy.u tfb Fdj;kyr=h eg969gvyuvj9, y9 tfb fu tf9 y9xjhf9o yu tf9 3g4jh2o 0g9gu=h tf5vhfr÷/
¢ Tysr=r K=9ya g8g8gifv>
≥J.hc ohft g7r zy8ysyu9xjh>
d2jc thgvmm y9 bjr 2g9iy0fh÷/
∞ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Zy8ysyu9xjh g5af]uo ghvj9, fu g]5 2fbj lfk Jr9g7=nj f9=vhf9=h> 6f]52x g5 hgfu 2yu dgugbghx, y9ys dfko bg9ij9, yu dhg]/
§ Glg] 2yu g5afux ;jkj ig7hjt ly]hm s=tjh s9g7, @y9fej t=a/ Bg]9i s=tjh, fu ghi= ayu9 ;jkj fnn= yu zy8ysyu9xo ;jkj 3t=÷/ Tysr=r g7h;=r o9gu Jr9g7=nj f9=vhf9yuh
xg5afu,
¶ fu
g7x kf8jh ghyuho
fTgrrg yu Tf9j;gmm iycfv> y9yslfkfu Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9o lyh sjqfvgh, fu K=9o wy96fvjhm orfnys>
≥G9xf12 K=9o tf9 t=.a =m p= yc÷/
:GKF(GBT GTG*+IJ X+T
• G7h gkfh Gtg8=i figu yu %gwjxjtj t=a Jr9g7=nj x=t ;gkf9gbtfvgu/
ª
Tysr=r &fryuj orgu>
≥Tfbj tg9xj]i ohk9= fu
bdhg] Gtg8=ij x=t ;gkf9gbtfnyu> sg8o fr enyu9jh dgdgpo ;jkj ig7hjtm Grkyu0y7 dgugbgho 6f52r
yuhfhgnys÷/
¡º
&fryu Tysr=rj org0jh lgtg6g7h o9gu, yu Gtg8=ij x=t ;gkf9gbtfvgu, jri Tysr=r, Glg9yh fu Ys9 enyu9jh dgdgpo eg969gvgh/
¡¡ F9e Tysr=r j9 6f52f9o io sf9vh=9, Jr9g7=]n io 7g8p=9> f9e j9 6f52f9o i'jafvh=9, Gtg8=]i io 7g8p=9/
¡™ Rgig7h Tysr=rj 6f52f9o 0gh9gvgh> yurkj 2g9 to g5jh fu ghy9 kgi x9jh, yu jh2 ghy9 s9g7 hrkgu> jri Glg9yh fu Ys9, t=iom t=i iy8t=h yu tjurom tjur iy8t=h, ghy9 6f52f9o sf9
b
Fe9>m 0g79o
g
Fe9>m ef9ghjh
e
Fe9>m ayu9j lgtg9 0g9guvgu
d
Fe9>m xg96fgn 2jc to
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh
f
G7rjh2hm wy96yupjuh yu sjqgeghyupjuh
b
Fe9>m xy]u9r fnj9
e5hfvjh, fu tjhcfu g9fujh tg79 tkhfnom ghy9 6f52f9o lgrkgkyuh thgvjh/
¡£
Lfkfugeg9 &fryu ryu9j ef9gh=
ghvohfnys 7g8pglg9fv Gtg8=ih yu ghy9 zy8ysyu9xo/
¡¢ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Grjig d9=] 7j4gkgij lgtg9 dj92j to t=a, fu &fryuj
=jtgvy]u9 p= Gtg8=ij 7j4gkgio f9ijh2j kgi=h
eyny9ysjh ;jkj ahaft÷/
¡∞ Tysr=r bylgrf8gh to ig5yuvghfv yu ghy9 ghyuho
oFlysg-Hjrj iycfv,
¡§ fu orgu>
≥p@ghj y9
zK=9o f9xyut o9gum
orfnysmm> œK=9o rf9yuhx= rf9yuhx ;jkj ;gkf9gbtj Gtg8=ij x=t�÷/
&YPY( I'G&VFN+ TYSR+RJ
¡•
Tysr=rj ghf9o, Tgxjgtj 2yu9tom &ypy9, nrfv gt=h jhc y9 Grkyug0 o9f9 =9 Tysr=rj yu j9 zy8ysyu9xjhm Jr9g7=nj,
fu p= K=9o Fdj;kyr=h lghfv Jr9g7=no/
™
Tysr=rj ghf9om &ypy9, g5gu Tysr=rj ijhom Rf;wy9gh, ghy9 sf9gxg5hgn=h fk2,
£
fu ghy9 f9iyu y9xjhf9om y9yhv t=iyuh ghyuho Df9rgt =9 < y9yslfkfu jh2 orf9 =9> œ!kg9 f9i9j t=a ;ghxyu3k ft� <,
¢ fu tjurjh ghyuho
gF8jgbg9 =9 < y9yslfkfu
orf9 =9> œJt l19r Grkyug0o jt 1dhgighr =9, yu bjr Wg9guyhj ryu9=h gbgkfv� </
∞
Tysr=rj ghf9om &ypy9, ghy9 y9xjhf9yuh fu ghy9 ihya lfk figu Tysr=rjm x=;j ghg;gko, yu9 gh eghgig0 =9 Grkyu0y7 nf9gh 2ys,
§ fu jtgvyuv Tysr=rj>
≥Fr, 2yu ghf9xm &ypy9, 2fbj iyu dgt, hgfu ijhx, fu j9 f9iyu y9xjhf9o j9fh lfk÷/
¶ Tysr=r xyu9r fngum j9 ghf9o xjtguy9fnyu, f9i9;gdfv, lgteyu9fv bg7h, j9g9yu
ey9;jryupjuho lg9vyuvjh, yu s9gho tkgh/
• Tysr=r j9 ghf9ya ;gktfv gt=h jhc y9 K=9o o9f9 =9 Wg9guyhj yu Fdj;kgvjhf9yuhm Jr9g7=nj lgtg9, qgtegh j9fhv ;gkglg0 gtey8a kgzgh2o, fu K=9ya bj9fh2 gbgkfno/
ª Yurkj &ypy9 yu9g3gvgu gtey8a eg9j2jh lgtg9m y9 K=9o o9f9 =9 Jr9g7=nj, w9ifnys bg7h Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh 6f52=h/
¡º Fu &ypy9 orgu>
≥!9lhfg?n onng7 K=9o, y9 gbgkfv 6fb Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh 6f52=h yu Wg9guyhj 6f52=h> y9yslfkfu gbgkfv
j9 zy8ysyu9xo Fdj;kgvjhf9yu 6f52jh kgi=h/
¡¡ Ljtg djkft p= Flysgh eyny9 grkyug0hf9=h tf0 => y9yslfkfu jhc eghys y9 io l;g9kghg7jh, ghyhvt= sf9
f8gu÷/
¡™ Tysr=rj ghf9om &ypy9m y8agi=b yu bylf9 g5gu Grkyu0y7
tgkyuvghfnyu, fu Glg9yh yu Jr9g7=nj eyny9 f9=vhf9o fighm Tysr=rj ghf9ya lfk
dqg4fnyu Grkyu0y7 g5afu/
XGKGUY(HF(YU H$GHGIYUTO
=
Fe9>m gighahf9yuh t=a xj]9
o
G7rjh2hm K=9o jt x914gir =
p
Fe9>m @ghj y9 K=9o
j9 gpy5jh s9g7 6f52
sf9vhfnys f9xyut o9gu, igtm Y9yslfkfu 6f52
sf9vyuv
K=9ya gpy5jh x=t,
z
Fe9>m Fglo
g
G7rjh2hm jt Grkyug0r 1dhgigh
e
Fe9>m 3g8g8yupjuho
d
Fe9>m lgv yukfnyu
"E> !9> ¡> ª-¡•}
¡£ Lfkfufgn 19om Tysr=r hrkgu zy8ysyu9xo xgkfnyu, yu zy8ysyu9xo g5kyuoh= tjhcfu j9jiyuh Tysr=rj 2ys ig7hfvgu/
¡¢ F9e Tysr=rj ghf9o kfrgu jhc y9 gh i'oh=9 zy8ysyu9xjh, orgu>
≥J.hc = g7r eghom y9 i'ohfr zy8ysyu9xjh> jhcy.u tjhgi io hrkjr, fu gtey8a zy8ysyu9xo 2yu 2ysx io ig7hj g5kyuoh= tjhcfu j9jiyuh÷/
¡∞ Tysr=r j9 ghf9ya orgu>
≥@ghj y9 zy8ysyu9xo jh0j] iyu dg7m Grkyu0y7 3y9lyu9x lg9vhfnyu/
¡§
F9e ghyh2 3hxj9 to yuhfhghm jh0j iyu dgh, yu f]r
xghyhv tjafu io xgkft, fu Grkyu0y7 ighyhhf9h yu 19=h2hf9o
ghyhv io djkvhft÷/
¡¶ Tysr=rj ghf9o j9fh orgu>
≥@yu o9g0x ngu egh c=/
¡• P=] xyuh ;jkj tg4jr, p=] gn 2fbj lfk f8y8 g7r zy8ysyu9xo> y9yslfkfu g7r egho 4gk 0gh9 = 2fbj lgtg9, yu xyuh g5gh6jh cfr i9hg9 ohfn grjig/
¡ª Ljtg tkj]i o9= 31r2r> 2fbj 3y9lyu9x ;jkj kgt, fu Grkyug0 2fbj lfk py8 onng7/ Xy]uh dhg Grkyu0y7 g5afum zy8ysyu9xjh lgtg9, y9;=rbj 3hxj9hf9o xy]uh hf9ig7gvhfr Grkyu0y7/
™º Ry9sfvy]u9 ghyhv ighyhhf9h yu 19=h2hf9o, djkvy]u9 ghyhv j9fhv ohpghgnj2 qgtegh fu ohfnj2 dy90o/
™¡
Eg7v hgfu gtey8a zy8ysyu9x=h ohk9=] ig9y8 tg9xji, Grkyu0t= sg3vy8, q4tg9kgr=9, gdglyupjuho gky8 tg9xji, fu h4ghgi=] ghyhv s9g7
je9 lgbg9g;fkhf9, lg9ju9g;fkhf9, 7jrhg;fkhf9 yu kgrhg;fkhf9>
™™ ghy]h2 py8 xgkfh zy8ysyu9xo gt=h gkfh/ Eyny9 tf0 3hxj9hf9o 2fbj py8 hf9ig7gvhfh, jri eyny9 ;bkji 3hxj9hf9om j9f]h2 py8 xgkfh> g7r;=r 2fbj
f1dhfnysm 2yu s9g7=x
ef5o io pfpfuvhfh/
™£ Fp= g7r egho ohfr, fu Grkyug0 gn 2fbj
grjig ;gkyuj9=, ;jkj ig9fhgr xjtghgn, yu g7r gtey8a zy8ysyu9xh gn 3g8g8yupfgte j9 kf8o ;jkj lgrhj÷/
™¢ Tysr=r ghf9ya 31r2o tkji o9gu, fu ghy9 eyny9 org0hf9o o9gu/
™∞ Tysr=r gtey8a Jr9g7=n=h ig9y8 tg9xji ohk9fv yu bghyh2 zy8ysyu9xjh s9g7 ig9dfv
je9
dn3guy9hf9,
g7rjh2hm lgbg9g;fkhf9, lg9ju9g;fkhf9, 7jrhg;fkhf9 fu kgrhg;fkhf9/
™§ Ghy]h2 io xgk=jh zy8ysyu9xo gt=h gkfh> xzyug9 3hxj9hf9o Tysr=rj io hf9ig7gvh=jh, eg7v eyny9 ;bkji 3hxj9hf9o j9f]h2 io xgk=jh/
™¶ Tysr=r j9 ghf9o yu8g9ifv, fu gh j9 f9ij9o dhgv/
JR(G&+N RJHG NF(GH @YS
¡ª
F99y9x gtryugh t=am Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh Fdj;kyr=h fnnfn=h fk2, hy7h 19o Rjhg7j ghg;gko lgrgh/
™ G9xg9fu %gwjxjt= tfihfvgh yu Rjhg7j ghg;gko dgvjh, fu ghg;gkjh t=a eghgifvgh/ Jr9g7=n lyhm nf9gh xjtgv eghgifvgu/
£
Tysr=r Grkyu0y7 2ys eg969gvgu, yu K=9o nf5h=h ighcfv bg7hm orfnys>
≥Rg];=r 31r= &giyej kgh, fu lg8y9x=] Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh>
¢ œXyu2 kfrg2 j]hc y9 o9j Fdj;kgvjhf9yuh,
j]hc;=r 6fb g90juj pfuf9yuh s9g7 i9fvj yu 2ysr ef9j/
∞ Yurkj ljtg, fp=
j9g;=r jt 31r2r tkji oh=2 fu jt yu3kr ;gl=2, xyu2 jh0j rfwgigh
zy8ysyu9x ;jkj onng2 eyny9 gbdf9yuh t=a=h> y9yslfkfu gtey8a f9ij9o jtr =/
§ Xyu2 jh0j 2glghghf9yu pgdguy9yupjuh to yu ryu9e gbd to ;jkj onng2/ Gry]h2 fh Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh orfnj2 31r2f9r�÷/
¶ Tysr=r figu, zy8ysyu9xjh f9=vhf9o ighcfv fu ghyhv hf9ig7gvyuv K=9ya j9fh
Fe9>m tg9xyuh fu j9 ohif9jh
f
Fe9>m lfk i9fnys
;gkyuj9g0 g7r eyny9 31r2f9o/
• Gtey8a zy8ysyu9xo tjgef9gh ;gkgr3ghfv>
≥K=9ya eyny9 org0hf9o ;jkj ohfh2÷/ Yu Tysr=r zy8ysyu9xjh 31r2f9o K=9ya
glg8y9xfv/
ª K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Glg] fr 2fbj iyu dgt pgh69 gt;j to t=a, y9;=rbj zy8ysyu9xo nr=m f9e fr 2fbj lfk 31rjt, fu tj4k 2fbj lgugkg7÷/ Yu Tysr=r zy8ysyu9xjh 31r2f9o K=9ya lg8y9xfv/
¡º K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Dhg] zy8ysyu9xjh, r9egvy]u9 bghyh2 g7r19 fu sg8o, py8 nyugh j9fhv lghxf96hf9o yu
¡¡ ;gk9grk onngh f99y9x 19yugh lgtg9> 2ghj y9 f99y9x 19om K=9o Rjhg nf9gh s9g7 ;jkj jah= gtey8a zy8ysyu9xjh gc2f9yuh g5afu/
¡™ Jri xyuh rgltg]h xj9 zy8ysyu9xjh 4yu9ao fu or=]> œBdyu4gv=]2 xyu2 6fbj lgtg9, y9 nf5o ceg969ghg2 igt ghy9 0g79jh cx;cj2/ Y]s y9 nf9gh x;cj,
gh4y]u4k ;jkj tf5vyuj�/
¡£ Y]c t=i 6f52 ghy9 x;cj> y9yslfkfu
x;cy8o
gh;gkqg5 ;jkj 2g9iy0yuj igt hfkys bg9hyuj> ghgryuh onng7 p= tg9xm y8a ;jkj cthg7/ F9e
e4fwy9jh 6g7ho f9ig9 lhcyuj, ghyh2 nf5o py8 eg969ghgh÷/
¡¢ Tysr=r nf5h=h jagu zy8ysyu9xjh 2ys> zy8ysyu9xo r9egvyuv, ghyh2 j9fhv lghxf96hf9o nyugvjh,
¡∞ fu zy8ysyu9xjh orgu>
≥F99y9x 19yugh lgtg9 ;gk9g]rk f8=2>
6f9 ijhf9yuh tj] tf96fhg2÷/
¡§ F99y9x 19om g5kyuh
dy9ykyuthf9 yu wg7ngkgiyuthf9 f8gh> pgh69 gt; to
ig9
nf9gh s9g7, hgfu 4gk b19guy9 4fwy9j 6g7h to> yurkj eghgigsg79jh t=a
f8y8
gtey8a zy8ysyu9xo rg9r5gv/
¡¶ Tysr=r eghgigsg79=h xyu9r lghfv zy8ysyu9xom Grkyu0y7 lghxj;fnyu, fu ghyh2 nf9gh rky9yko ig7hfvgh/
¡• Rjhg nf5o gtey]8aysjh io t3g9, y9yslfkfu K=9o ghy9 s9g7 i9giys jagu> ghy9 tyu3o lhyvj tyu3j ;=r io eg969ghg9, yu gtey8a nf5o cgwgbghv io vhvyu=9/
¡ª @ghj 4fwy9jh 6g7ho 4gk io rgrkighg9, Tysr=r 31rfvgu fu Grkyug0 6g7hys to ghy9 ;gkgr3ghfv/
™º K=9o Rjhg nf9gh s9g7m nf9gh dgdgpo jagu> K=9o ighcfv Tysr=ro nf9gh dgdgpo, yu Tysr=r eg969gvgu/
™¡ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Jaj]9 fu ;gkyuj9=] zy8ysyu9xjh, y9 K=9o kfrhfnyu lgtg9 rgltgh=h cghvhjh yu ciy9ryujh/
™™ K=9ya t1kfvy8 2glghghf9h gn py8 r9egvyujh, y9;=rbj K=9o bghyh2 c;gkg5=÷/
™£ Tysr=r K=9ya orgu>
≥Zy8ysyu9xo cj i9hg9 eg969ghgn Rjhg nf5o, y9yslfkfu xyuh tfbj ;gkyuj9fvj9> œRgltg]h xj9 nf9gh yu r9egvy]u9 bg7h�÷/
™¢ K=9o ghy9 orgu>
≥Dhg], jaj]9, g;g eg969gvj]9 Glg9yhj lfk> eg7v 2glghghf9h yu zy8ysyu9xo K=9ya 2ys eg969ghgnyu lgtg9 rgltgh=h cghvhjh, y9 bghyh2 c;gkg5=÷/
™∞ Tysr=r zy8ysyu9xjh 2ys jagu fu
g7x;=r 31rfvgu ghyhv/
KGRO :GKYUJ(GHHF(O
™º
Grkyug0 rg] eyny9 31r2f9o lg8y9xfvm orfnys><
™
≥F]r ft Flysghm 2yu Grkyug0x, y9 2fb Fdj;kyrj f9i9=hm rk9iyupfgh kyuh=hm lghfvj/
£ Jh6t= bgk yu9j4 grkyug0hf9 tj] yuhfhg9/
g
Fe9>m sf9gxg96yuv
e
Fe9>m &yefnfghj
4fwy9jh
d
Fe9>m 6g7hf9
¢ Y]c t=i
giyu52 4jh= xyuh 2fbj, y]c gn y9fu= if9;g9gh2
eghj to y9 sf9om f9ijh2j
t=a =, sg9om f9i9j s9g7 =, igt ayu9f9yuh t=a =m f9i9j kgi/
∞ Ghyhv tj] f9i9;gdf9 yu bghyh2 tj] ;g4kf9, y9yslfkfu frm
eK=9r, 2yu Grkyug0x, hg3gh6g3hxj9 Grkyug0 ft> io lgkyuvghft lg79f9yuh gh19=hyupjuho y9xjhf9yuh < tjhcfu f99y9x yu cy99y9x
rf9yuhxo ghyhvm y9 i'gkfh bjr <,
§ fu ig9fivyupfgte io sg9yujt tjhcfu lgbg9
rf9yuhx ghyhv lfkm y9 io rj9fh bjr yu io ;glfh jt ;gkyuj9ghhf9r/
¶
dK=9yam 2yu Grkyu0y7x ghyuho ohxyuhg7h
ef9ghx tj] g5hf9> y9yslfkfu K=9o j9 ghyuho ohxyuhg7h
ef9gho g5hy8o ghtf8 ;jkj crf;=/
• &j4=] Lghdrkyupfgh 19om bg7h r9egvhfnyu lgtg9/
ª Sf]v 19 g43gk= fu gtey]8a dy90x o9=>
¡º eg7v f1phf9y9x 19o K=9yam 2yu Grkyu0y7x Lghdrkyupfgh 19h => g7x 19o
y]c t=i dy90 o9=, y]c xyuh, y]c y9xjx, y]c g8ajix, y]c 0g5gx, y]c g8g3jhx, y]c ghgryuhx, y]c gn
x2g8g2jx t=a f8y8 dg8pgighx/
¡¡ G9xg9fu K=9o sfv 19yugh t=a o9gu f9ijh2h yu f9ij9o, 0yso fu eyny9 ghy9 t=a f8y8hf9o, yu f1phf9y9x 19o lghdrkgvgu> yurkj K=9o 19lhfv Lghdrkyupfgh 19o fu r9egvyuv bg7h/
¡™ :gkyu=] lg79x yu tg79x, y9;=rbj 19f9x f9ig9 onngh g7h ly8jh s9g7m y9 K=9o,
2yu Grkyug0x, 2fbj iyu kg7/
¡£ R;ghyupjuh tj] ohf9/
¡¢ $hyupjuh tj] ohf9/
¡∞ Dy8yupjuh tj] ohf9/
¡§
fRyuk sig7yupjuh tj] kg9 2yu ohif9jx x=t/
¡¶ @yu ohif9jx kgh tj] vghig9> ohif9jx ihya, igt ghy9 0g5g7jh, igt g8g3jhjh,
igt fbjh, igt j4yuh, igt ohif9jx y9fu= t=i
eghjh tj] vghig9÷/
ZY*YSYU(XJH SG#O "E> !9>
∞> ™™-££}
¡• Gtey8a zy8ysyu9xo io higk=9
by9ykyuthf9o, 4ghpf9o, 4fwy9jh 6g7ho fu t3gvy8 nf5o/ F9e zy8ysyu9xo kfrgu, vhvyufvgu yu lf5yu ig7hfvgu/
¡ª Fu orjh Tysr=rj>
≥Xy]uh 31r= tfbj lfk, yu tkji ohfh2> eg7v Grkyug0 py8 c31rj tfbj lfk, y9;=rbj ctf5hjh2÷/
™º Tysr=r zy8ysyu9xjh orgu>
≥Tj] sg3hg2> y9yslfkfu Grkyug0 figu 6fb wy96g9ifnyu, y9;=rbj ghy9 sg3o 6f9 g5afu onng7 yu ctf8ghc=2÷/
™¡
Zy8ysyu9xo lf5yu ig7hfvgu, jri Tysr=r t1kfvgu g7h tg5g3yu8jhm yu9 Grkyug0 =9/
!(+H@HF( #Y(GHJH TGRJH
g
Fe9>m 2ghxgiyug0 ;gkif9
e
Fe9>m Flysgh
d
Fe9>m Flysg7j
Fe9>m x5hf9yux
f
Igtm If80
b
Fe9>m 6g7hf9o
™™ K=9o Tysr=rj orgu>
≥Rg] or= Jr9g7=nj y9xjhf9yuh> œXyu2 kfrg2 p= 6fbj lfk f9ijh2=h 31rfvg7>
™£ Jh0j lfk
;g4kfnyu lgtg9m g90gp= grkyug0hf9 tj] 4jh=2, y]c gn yrij= grkyug0hf9 4jhfv=2 6fbj/
™¢ Jh0j ly8=] bylgrf8gh to 4jh=, fu ghy]9 s9g7 byl= 2yu y8agi=bhf9x yu 3g8g8yupfgh
bylf9x, 2yu yc3g9hf9x fu g9ag5hf9x> gt=h kf8m yu9 jt ghyuhr 7j4fn ;jkj kgt, 2fbj ;jkj dgt yu 2fb ;jkj 19lhft�/
™∞ Fp= jh0j 2g9= bylgrf8gh 4jhfr, kg4yug0 2g9= tj] ig5yuvghf9> 2ghj y9 fp= ghy9
f9igp= dy90j2
=x;vhfr, bg7h io ;80fr/
™§ Fu grkjqghhf9ys tj] eg969ghg9 jt bylgrf8ghr, y9;=rbj 2yu tf9iyupjuhx cf9fuhg7 ghy9 s9g7÷/
SF(GEF(YUT RK(YUIHF(YU LGHX+: "E> !9> ¡∞> ¡™-¡•}
™¡
≥Glg]ugrji g7h ighyhhf9om y9 ghyhv ;jkj hf9ig7gvhfr/
™ F9e fe9g7fvj 0g5g7 to dhfr, gh sfv kg9j rk9yui ;jkj onng7, yu f1phf9y9x
kg9jh gbgk xyu9r ;jkj fnn=, g5ghv sqg9yutj/
£ Fp= tjhgi tkgu, tjhgi ;jkj fnn=> fp= ijh yuh=9, ijhh gn j9fh lfk ;jkj fnn=/
¢ Fp= j9 k=]9o j9fh ijh kyugu fu gh j9fh y9xjhf9 igt g8ajihf9 0hg0 =, ijhh yu ghy9 bgugihf9o kj9ya ;jkj onngh, fu jh2 tjhgi ;jkj fnn=/
∞ Jri fp= 0g5gh 7g7kg9g9=> œFr io rj9ft jt k=9r, ijhr yu y9xjhf9r, cft
yubf9 xyu9r fnnfn
fu gbgk
onngn�,
§ j9 k=9o xgkguy9hf9yuh ;jkj hf9ig7gvh= bjh2, yu x9gh igt x9ghxjhf9yuh t1kfvh=> j9 k=9o lf9juhys ;jkj 0gi= j9 gighao, fu jh2 tj4k rk9yui ;jkj onng7 ghy9/
¶ F9e t=io j9 g8ajio 0g3= g8g3jh onngnyu lgtg9, gh xyu9r ;jkj cfnn=m jhc;=r
0g5ghf9o i'fnnfh/
• Fp= gh
gghlgqy7 onng7 j9 kj9yam y9 bg7h j9fh h4ghf9 =9, bg7h py8 w9ifn kg7> bg7h 1kg9 zy8ysyu9xj 0g3fnyu j9gugryupjuh ;jkj cyuhfhg7, y9yslfkfu ghy9 ghlgugkg9jt f8gu/
ª Fp= bg7h j9 y9xjjh h4ghg0 =, g8ajihf9yu ighyhjh lgtg6g7h ;jkj sg9yuj ghy9 lfk/
¡º Fp= j9fh yu9j4
ijh g5h=, ghy9 yukfnj2o, lghxf96h yu tf96guy9yupjuho ;jkj c;girfvh=/
¡¡ Fp= ghy9 coh= g7r f9f2 eghf9o, gh g5ghv sqg9yutj xyu9r ;jkj fnn=, g5ghv x9gtj÷/
!(+H@HF( SG&(GD DY()F(YU TGRJH
¡™
≥Tg9xyu to bg9hfnys bg7h tf5vhy8om
gh4y]u4k ;jkj tf5vyuj/
¡£ Jri fp= xg9gh ctkgu, lg;g
bg7h Grkyug0 tgkhfv j9 6f52o, 2fbj kf8 to ;jkj y9y4ft, y9;=rbj jh2 lyh wg3cj/
¡¢ Eg7v fp= t=io 7ghxdhyupfgte j9 ohif9jh s9g7 dg7 fu bg7h 3y9gtghiyupfgte r;ghh=,
hy7hjri jt bylgrf8gh=]r g5 bg7hm y9;=rbj tf5hj/
¡∞ J9 lg79o igt tg79o 0f0y8om
gh4y]u4k ;jkj tf5vyuj/
¡§ Tg9x dy8vy8o, bg7h 0g3g0 onng7 p= gh j9 6f52o dkhyuj,
gh4y]u4k ;jkj tf5vyuj/
¡¶ J9 lg79o igt tg79o ghj0y8o
gh4y]u4k ;jkj tf5vyuj/
¡• F9e tg9xji j9g9yu lfk i5yujh yu t=io tjurjh 2g9ys igt e5yuhv2ys bg9h= fu gh ctf5hj, lg;g ghiy8jh ;g5ij>
¡ª fp= xg96fgn yk2j fnn= yu j9 vyu;ys xyu9ro
=
Fe9>m f9f9vhfr
g
Fe9>m gc2f9yuh d=4
2gn=, bg9hy8o gh;g9k ;jkj onng7> tjg7h ghy9
eiy9rhvyuvg0 zgtghgijh
g9z=2omm ;jkj lgkyuvgh=m tjhcfu y9 eyny9ysjh eyuzyuj/
™º F9e t=io dgugbghys j9 rk9yuijh igt g8g3jhjh bg9h= fu gh j9 6f52jh kgi tf5hj,
gh4y]u4k ghi= s9=z ;jkj g5hyuj/
™¡ Eg7v fp= 19 to igt f9iyu 19
dg;9j, ghi= s9=z ;jkj cg5hyuj, 2ghj y9 gh j9 x9gth =/
™™ F9e tg9xji i5yujh, fu
ghyhvt= t=io 78j ihya to bg9hfnysm ghy9 0hghjn kg7,
p=fu yu9j4 wy96gh2 to conng7m gh
gh4y]u4k ;jkj i9=
g7x ihya gtyurjhjh j9 s9g7 x9g0 kyudgh2o, xgkguy9hf9yuh
xgkgsqj5jh lgtg6g7h lgkyuvghfnys/
™£ Eg7v fp= wy96gh2 to onng7,
xifgh2j kf8 ifgh2mm ;jkj kgr,
™¢ gc2j kf8 gc2, gi5g7j kf8 gi5g7, 6f52j kf8 6f52, yk2j kf8 yk2,
™∞ 3g9ghj kf8 3g9gh, s=92j kf8 s=92, lg9yug0j kf8 lg9yug0/
™§ F9e t=io j9 rk9yuijh gc2jh igt g8g3jhjh gc2jh bg9h= fu iyu9vh=, bg7h gbgk ;jkj g96gi= ghy9 gc2jh wy3g9=h/
™¶ Yu fp= j9 rk9yuijh gi5gh igt g8g3jhjh gi5gh w9vh=, bg7h gbgk ;jkj g96gi= ghy9 gi5g7jh wy3g9=h÷/
RFWGIGHGKJ(YA :GKGR#GHGKYUYUPJUHO
™•
≥F9e fb to j9 f8aju9hf9ys tg9xyu to igt ihya to bg9h= yu tf5vh=, fbo
gh4y]u4k ;jkj 2g9iy0yuj fu ghy9 tjro ;jkj cyukyuj> rgig7h fbjh k=9o gh;g9k onng7/
™ª Jri fp= fbo
fg5gayuoh= bg9hy8 =9 fu ghy9
bk=9o kf8fgimm =9, eg7v bg7h
hf9r ;glg0 c=9, fp= tg9x to igt ijh to tf5vyuvf9 =m fbo ;jkj 2g9iy0yuj, yu ghy9 k=9h gn tf5vyuj/
£º Fp= w9igh2 to ;g9kgx9yuj j9fh, j9 gh6jh w9iyupfgh lgtg9m ;jkj sqg9= jhc y9 j9fh ;g9kgx9yuj/
£¡ Y9xjj to p= g8ajij to bg9ig0 onng7
fbo,
g]7r ighyhjh lgtg6g7h ;jkj onng7 ghy9/
£™ Fp= fbo rk9yuij to igt g8g3jhj to bg9h=,
j9 k=9o f9fryuh rji8 g90gp ;jkj kg7 ghyhv kj9ya, jri fbo ;jkj 2g9iy0yuj/
££ F9e t=io ly9 to eghg7, igt t=io ly9 to wy9= fu c0g0i=, yu lyh fb to igt =4 to j7hg7,
£¢ ly9jh k=9o ;jkj lgkyuvgh=
fu ghyhv kj9ya x9gt ;jkj kg7> rgig7h tf5g0o j9o ;jkj onng7/
£∞ F9e t=iyuh fbo j9 ohif9jh fbjh bg9h= yu tf5vh=, y8a fbo ;jkj 0g3fh fu ghy9 x9gto egzhfh, yu tf5g0h gn egzhfh/
£§ Jri fp= djkvyug0 =9 p= fbo g5gayuoh= bg9hy8 =, eg7v ghy9 k=9o bg7h hf9r ;glg0 c=,
gh4y]u4k ;jkj lgkyuvgh=m fbj wy3g9=h fb> rgig7h tf5g0o j9o ;jkj onng7÷/
LGKYUVYUTJ !(+H@HF(
™™
≥F9e t=io fb to igt yc3g9 to dy8hg7, yu ty9p= igt 0g3= bg7h, t=i fbjh
e
Fe9>m hrkjno
d
Fe9>m ifhg7
Fe9>m gh6j kf8 gh6
f
Fe9>m f9=iyuoh= yu hg3y9x 19yuoh=
b
Fe9>m kj9ya sig7yug0 wy3g9=h ljhd g9ag5 fu t=i yc3g9jh wy3g9=h cy9r yc3g9 ;jkj lgkyuvgh=/
™ F9e dy8 to
kyuh 0gifnyu gkfh dkhyuj, bg9hyuj yu tf5hj, ghy9 lgtg9 g9juhj
s9=z3hx9yupjuh ;jkj conng7/
£ Fp= ghy9 s9g7 g9fuo 0gdg0 =9, ghy9 lgtg9 g9juhj
s9=z3hx9yupjuh ;jkj onng7,
y9yslfkfu gh i9hg9 ntgh lgkyuvghfn> fp= ycjhc yuhfhg9, j9 dy8vg0jh lgtg9 i9hg9 0g3yujn/
¢ Fp= dy8vg0o j9 6f52o y8a dkhyuj, fb onng7 p= =4 igt yc3g9, i9ijho ;jkj lgkyuvgh=/
∞ F9e t=io g9kj to igt g7djj to
gshgr kg7mm, g96gifnys j9 ghgryuho y9 yu9j4j
to g9kjh t=a g9g0j, j9 g9kjh ngugdy7h
ef92=h fu g7djjh ngugdy7h
ef92=h ;jkj lgkyuvgh=/
§ Fp= i9gi
evg7k=,
vghig;gkjh wyu4f9yuh wgicj, yu vy9fhj 3yu96f9o, igt lgryuh vy9fho, fu igt g9ko r;g5jh, i9gio sg5y8o
g79g0jh g9z=2o ntgh ;jkj lgkyuvgh=/
¶ F9e t=io j9 ohif9jh x9gt igt g5g9ig7 7gh6h=m ;glfnyu lgtg9, fu g7x tg9xyuh kyuh=h dy8vyuj, fp= dy8o dkhyujm i9ij]ho py8 lgkyuvgh=/
• Fp= dy8o cdkhyuj, kgh k=9o ;jkj hf9ig7ghg7 xgkguy9hf9yuh,
rkyudfnyu lgtg9 p= j9 6f52o x;vyuvg]0 = j9 ohif9jh rkgvyug02jh/
ª Gt=h kfrgi 7ghvgh2j lgtg9, fbj, j4yu, yc3g9j igt lghxf96j lgtg9,
igt gt=h kfrgi iy9ryug0 eghj lgtg9m y9
t=io io lgrkgk= p= j9h =, f9iyu iy8tf9yuh 3hxj9o xgkguy9hf9yuh g5afu ;jkj kg9yuj> y]s y9 xgkguy9hf9o xgkg;g9kfh, ghjig i9ijho ;jkj lgkyuvgh= j9 ohif9jh/
¡º F9e t=io j9 ohif9jh =4 to, fb to, yc3g9 to, igt y9fu= ghgryuh 7gh6h=m
;glfnyu lgtg9, fu gh tf5hj, igt sj9guy9yuj, igt
dp4hgtjh g5h= kghjmm yu kfrhy8 to conng7,
¡¡ f9iyu2jh tjafu K=9ya
ghyuhys f9xyuto ;jkj
lgrkgk= p= j9 ohif9jh rkgvyug02jh 6f52 x;vyuvg0 c=> ghy9 k=9o ;jkj ohxyuhj
f9xyuto, fu jh2 ;jkj clgkyuvgh=/
¡™ Eg7v fp=
j9g;=r j9 2ys=h dy8vyug0 =, jh2 ghy9 kj9ya ;jkj lgkyuvgh=/
¡£ Fp=
dgbgh= eb2kyug0 =, py8 ef9= bg7hm
je9 sig7yupjuh,
y9
eb2kyug0jh
g9z=2o clgkyuvgh=/
¡¢ F9e t=io j9 ohif9=h
ghgryuh to wy3 g5h= yu gh sj9guy9yuj igt tf5hj tjhc ghy9 k=9o ghy9 lfk c=, jh2
gh4y]u4k ;jkj lgkyuvgh=>
¡∞
eg7v fp= ghy9 k=9o ghy9 lfk =9, ;jkj clgkyuvgh=/ Fp= sg96yug0 =9, sg962jh kf8 py8 rf;yuj÷/
EG(Y&GIGH FU I(!HGIGH !(+H@HF(
¡§
≥F9e t=io ch4ghyug0 iy7r to l9g;yu9= yu ghy9 lfk ;g5ij,
gh4y]u4k ghy9 1zjko kgnys bg7h j9fh ijh ;jkj oh=/
¡¶ Fp= g8ajijh lg79o
eyny9ysjh tf9z= kgn, gh iy7rf9yu 1zjkjh cgw x9gt ;jkj
xkg7/
¡• Ig3g9xyuljh y8a tj] ;glf9/
¡ª Y]s y9 ghgryuhj lfk ;g5ij,
gh4y]u4k ;jkj tf5vyuj/
™º Tjtjg7h K=9yat=h bgk
yu9j4 grkyug0hf9yu byly8o
eyny9ysjh ;jkj ghqjkyuj/
™¡ Dg8pgigho tj] if8f2f9 fu bg7h tj] kghaf9> y9yslfkfu xyu2
gn Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a ;ghxyu3k =j2/
™™ Y]c t=i g79j igt y9e kg5g;fvyuv=2/
™£ Fp= bghyh2
g
Fe9>m t=a g9g0fn kg7
e
Fe9>m xyu9r fnn=
d
Fe9>m df9yupfgh 24yuj
Fe9>m i45= kg5g;fvh=2 y9fu= if9;ys, fu ghyh2 jh0j g8g8gifh,
gh4y]u4k ;jkj nrft ghyhv g8g8gio>
™¢ jt eg9iyupjuhr ;jkj ey9ey2j, 6fb ryu9ys ;jkj tf5vhft, yu 6f9 ijhf9om g79j, yu 6f9 y9xjhf9om y9e ;jkj onngh/
™∞ F9e jt zy8ysyu9x=r 2yu 2ysx f8y8 xzeg3kj to x9gt wy3 kgr, sg43g5yuj to ;=r tj] onng9 ghy9, yu sg43 tj] xhf9 ghy9 s9g7/
™§ Fp= 2yu ohif9jx lghxf96o d9gu g5hfr, g9fuo tg79 ctkg0 j9fh sf9gxg96yu9>
™¶ y9yslfkfu g]7x = tjg7h ghy9 0g0iyvo, j9 ty9pjh lghxf96h = gkjig> jhcy.s ;jkj ;g5ij/ Fp= jh0j g8g8gi=m tkji ;jkj ohft, 2ghj y9 fr y8y9tg0 ft/
™• Xgkguy9hf9yuh tj] lg7ly7f9, fu 2yu zy8ysyu9xjx j43gho tj] ghj0f9/
™ª @yu
g9tkj2hf9yux yu lf8yuihf9yux
fg9xjuh2o tj] yu4gvhf9
jh0j tgkyuvghfn>
2yu y9xjhf9yux ghx9ghjihf9o jh0j ;jkj kgr/
£º @yu fbjx
yu yc3g9jx
gn rg];=r o9=>< f1po 19 j9 t19 lfk ;jkj onng7,
fu yupf9y9x 19o bg7h jh0j ;jkj kgr/
£¡ Xyu2 jh0j ryu9e tg9xji ;jkj onng2> xg4kjh t=a
dgbghhf9=h eb2kyug0jh tjro tj] yuk=2, g7nm 4yuhf9y]uh hfkfv=2÷/
G(XG(YUPJUH
™£
≥Ryuk nyu9 tj] kghj9>
g7ghvguy9jh lfk 6f52x tj] xhf9m
eghj9gu sig7 onngnyu lgtg9/
™ Cg9j2 ohfnyu lgtg9 egbtyupfgh tj] lfkfuj9, yu xgkj t=a tj]
dsig7f9m 4gkf9yuh iy8to 3yky9fnys,
j9guyuh2o 05fnyu lgtg9/
£
xC2guy9jh gcg5yupjuh tj] ohf9mm j9 xgkjh t=a/
¢ F9e 2yu p4hgtjjx tyny9g0 fbjh igt j4yuh lghxj;jr,
g]h;gkqg5 j9fh sf9gxg96yu9 bg7h/
∞ Fp= 2fb gky8jh =4o ef5j kgi
fjhig0 kfrhfr, l9gzg9=] bg7h n2fn=>
g]h;gkqg5 gbgk=
=4o ghy9 lfk/
§ @yu g82gkjx xgkjh t=a ghy9 j9guyuh2o tj] 05f9>
¶ Ryuk 31r2=h lf5y]u ifvj9, fu ghtf8h yu g9xg9o tj] tf5vhf9> y9yslfkfu fr 7ghvguy9o ;jkj cg9xg9gvhft/
• Ig4g52 tj] rkghg9> 2ghj y9 ig4g52o gc2o egv tg9xjio io iyu9vh= fu g9xg9hf9yuh
b31r2f9o i'f80gh=/
ª Dg8pgigho tj] kghaf9, y9yslfkfu xyu2 djk=2 dg8pgighjh
=rj9kjh
sjqgio, y9yslfkfu xyu2 gn Fdj;kyrj f9i9jh t=a ;ghxyu3k
=j2÷/
f
Fe9>m njyupjuho
g
Fe9>m gteg9j4kjh
e
Fe9>m e5hyupfgh
d
Fe9>m ;gkgr3ghf9
Fe9>m C2guy9=h tj] gihg0j9
f
Fe9>m ;g5ig0
b
Igtm xgkf9o
=
Fe9>m gh6jh
F!PHF(Y(X KG(JH FU !(O
¡º
≥Sf]v kg9j rf9tgh= 2yu ly8x fu ghy9 ef92o zy8s=/
¡¡ Eg7v f1phf9y9x
kg9jh
lghdj]rk 6d= yu py]8 bg7h, y9;=rbj 2yu zy8ysyu9xjx g82gkhf9o yukfh, fu ghyhvt= thgvg0o xg4kjh dgbghhf9o yukfh> g7djjx
yu 6jpgrkghjx gn hy7h;=r o9=/
¡™ Sf]v 19 2yu dy90x o9=, eg7v f1phf9y9x 19o lghdrkgvj]9, y9;=rbj fbx yu =4x
gn
lghdrkghgh, fu g8g3jhjx y9xjh yu dg8pgigho 4yuhc g5hfh/
¡£ Eyny9 6fbj org0hf9yur yu4gxj]9 f8=2, fu yu9j4 grkyug0hf9yu ghyuho tj] 7j4gkgi=2, y]c gn 2yu ef9gh=x py8 nryuj÷/
F(F@ TF) K!HF(O
"Fn2> £¢> ¡•-™§, E> !9> ¡§> ¡-¡¶}
¡¢
|